Heideggers Reading of Descartes Dualism Essay - 4357 Words

Heideggers Reading of Descartes Dualism ABSTRACT: The problem of traditional epistemology is the relation of subject to external world. The distinction between subject and object makes possible the distinction between the knower and what is known. Starting with Descartes, the subject is a thinking thing that is not extended, and the object is an extended thing which does not think. Heidegger rejects this distinction between subject and object by arguing that there is no subject distinct from the external world of things because Dasein is essentially Being-in-the-world. Heidegger challenges the Cartesian legacy in epistemology in two ways. First, there is the modern tendency toward subjectivism and individualism that started with†¦show more content†¦However, the cogitationes always belongs to the I, I judge, I represent, etc. Heidegger maintains that Descartes definition of res cogitans says to us that res cogitans is a res whose realities are representations. (2) The subject of cogito is beyond doubt if one asks what this subject is. Descartes cannot answer, because, if the subject is embodied in the world, the subject becomes a worldly thing in which mans doubts begin. Therefore, for Descartes, the subject is simply the I, soul, or the thinking substance which is what it is even without the body and the world. Another difficulty in the method of radical doubt is the object of thinking. What do I think? Descartes answers that I think my own thoughts. For him, I know my own cognitive images even if I may not know the worldly thing because I have the idea of the worldly thing in my cogito, and therefore cogito with its contents is beyond doubt. According to Descartes, res cogitans also means cogitat se cogitare. (3) The ego as subject has its predicates in a cognizing way; so I know about the predicates I have, i.e., I know myself. Heidegger thinks that Descartes understanding of subjectivity is connected with the hupokaimenon in which the subject is present or the extant. In ancient ontologies, being is understood as being-extant, lying present-there, and substance, which are corporeal things and mental

The Interest Of The Germans Essay - 1389 Words

The Interest of the Germans World War II was a difficult time in human history. A country rise up to power and took radical actions to achieve their goal and create a world that they find ideal. Some Germans were force to leave Germany for being Jewish, and others for multiple reasons. As a result, these Germans made Latin America as their safe haven away from what used to be their home. The United States eventually had got in the involvement of the war and a main concerned they had were these Germans who live in Latin America. The chief interest for the lives of these Jewish, non-Jewish Germans, was only important to their own benefit, or to secure their safety in the war. The United States government created a â€Å"Black List†. A lost that had Germans in Latin America, that were possibly to pose a threat. They would receive this information by Informers that provide privilege information to the U.s government. The United States believed that some of these Germans moved to Latin America could have been working under the Nazi party. In COMMUNAZIS by ALEXANDER STEPHAN, explained how the United States took certain Actions to get what they needed from the Latin American countries. â€Å"United States, Hoover assigned the several hundred agents of the special Intelligence Service (SIS) founded in 1940 especially to monitor Latin America, to watch out for German spies and any army intelligence†( STEPHAN, pg,9). As well, In â€Å"Nazis GOOD Neighbors by Max Paul Friedman, Went intoShow MoreRelatedNokia: Business Interests vs German Pressures1807 Words   |  8 PagesNokia: Business Interests vs German Pressures Nokia is the largest mobile handset maker in the world with a 40% market share. The mobile handset industry is marked by declining prices and depressed margins making companies look at low-cost production options. 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Along with this, the position of the German government was strengthened by the popularityRead MoreEssay on Gustav Stresemann1062 Words   |  5 PagesStresemann Gustav Stresemann was given the job of German Foreign Minister during the six years commencing 1923. A foreign policy was needed. The German Nationalists needed to be given confidence in the Republic as it was not happy with the Republics acceptance of the VersaillesTreat. Throughout the time of 1923 to 1929 Stresemann had certain choices to make which question whether he was acting as a Good German or a Good European There are arguments for bothRead MoreThe United States1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Central Powers. The Central Powers, made up of the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Austria-Hungarian Empire, were fighting to preserve their empires in light of geopolitical shifts occurring at the time. The US entered the war partially to restore Global Peace and also to vanquish the German Empire, which had antagonized the US by seeking to form a hostile military alliance with Mexico to the detriment of American national interests (Doyle 1160). Continental Europe and the Middle East

Supermarkets and Grocery Industry †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Supermarkets and Grocery Industry. Answer: Introduction Wesfarmers is Australian agglomerate. It was established in the year 1914 named as Western Australian farmers'. It has its presence in Australian and News land retail segment. Companys headquarters are situated at Perth, Western Australia. The company has various businesses, which includes supermarkets, convenience stores, liquor, hotels, home improvement, office supplies and department stores. The company also has an industrial division which involves sectors such as chemicals, energy fertilizers, coal, industrial and safety products. In the year 2016 Wesfarmers was Australias largest company in terms of revenue. Today the company is the topmost employer in Australian private sector. It has about 530,000 shareholders. It can be seen that, the company has diverse product portfolio. For this report we will take into consideration Coles Supermarkets. Coles Australia is a division of Wesfarmers. Coles Supermarkets were founded in the year 1914. Coles Supermarkets were a brand of Coles Myer group till the year 2006. In 2007 Wesfarmers took over the firm. Under the ownership of Wesfarmers the company went through various changes and achieved success. Today company covers a big share in the Australian markets. One of the close competitors of the firm is Woolworth. Today Coles Supermarket is the trusted brand name in the Australian households. The company deals in Australias supermarket and grocery industry. This industry can be described as highly competitive and concentrated in nature. To stay in the competition major market player have cut down the prices this has reduced the wide profit margins for the firm. In the recent time industry is laying much pressure on Coles and Woolworths (Mudditt, 2017). Growth and Profitability: In the recent year it has been observed that growth of the firm have slowed down and profit margins are reduced. The reason for the slowed market growth is credited to increased competition in the market. Another reason for the slow growth is Woolworths turnaround plan is now started taking the shape. This year the company opened 4 supermarkets and closed 3 supermarkets (Chung, 2016). To accelerate the growth the company has planned to cut product range by 15 per cent. The company is planning to replace those products with its own brand products. The company aims to remove all the underperforming SKU (stock keeping unit). The company has planned so because it every SKU adds a cost on supply chain and removing underperforming SKUs will reduce the cost (Chung, 2016). PESTLE analysis is the analysis of external factors that impact the environment. It is categorised into 6 forces political, economic, social, technical, technological, legal and environmental (Reinhardt, Domingo, Garca Christodoulou, 2017). PESLE analysis of Coles Supermarket for Australian markets is done as follows: Recently the federal government has taken steps to remove duopoly in the market. Coles and Woolsworths have duopoly in the Australian market. This decision of government has reduced entry barriers and many players have entered the market this creates struggle for Coles. The economic downturns, weakening of Australian dollars has reduced the purchasing power of Australian customers. The customers are now becoming more prices sensitive. The company is trying to reduce the price of products to the minimum possible profit margins. The company is increasing power of suppliers. Due to government decisions more competitors can enter the market. Previously there were only two players in the market therefore the suppliers have no option and had low power but with the more players in the market the suppliers will have other options and their power will increase. The social forces that impact the company are favourable. The company recently received an award for fair trade practices. The company provides various products which are certified under fair-trade. The company also provides extra money to farmers and producers for various facilities such as education and medical facilities. The company has also joined hands with an organisation named Red kite. It contributes for the cancer care of children and young. The company has joined hands with an organisation called SecondBite. It provides excess of fresh food, bakery products and vegetables. This helps to reduce waste as well as provides the food to many. The company always tries to keep pace with the technological development. The company uses latest tools and software in its operations. It has introduced the self-check- out facilities at the exit to reduce the queue. The company has also introduced cloud infrastructure in its operations. The company provides the facility of online shopping and contactless payment by the use of internet. The ACCC has introduced legal contradiction against the company for unethical behaviour against the suppliers. The ACCC closely monitors the organisations in the environment and takes suitable actions for any kind of discrepancy. The Coles encourages the use of sustainable products. It is working for protection. The Coles supermarkets are designed to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions. The company constantly keeps on investing on various projects that help to achieve environment conservation goals (Coles, 2017). SWOT Analysis: Strengths Well aware of the market needs because of the long existence in Australian markets. Well-developed advertising and branding Established brand name. World class supply chain management. Weakness Negative image was setup when the case of unfriendly supplier practices was highlighted. Threats Economic conditions in Australia Legal and political implications Increase in the number of competitors Opportunities Opportunity for international expansion in emerging markets. Diversification opportunities SWOT analysis of the companies demonstrates the company has various strengths and very few weaknesses. This can be reduced if the company takes measures to overcome the weakness. Market segmentation Targeting: Market segmentation can be described as process of dividing the large markets into small groups on the basis of similarity that exist among them. Market segmentation is important for determining the marketing strategy of almost all the successful organisations. Market segment provides the clarity and close view to the needs and wants of a particular consumer group. It helps to build more realistic marketing goals and achieve higher results (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2011).Segmentation of the markets for Coles can be done on the following basis: This divides the market on the basis of age, income, sex, caste, race etc. (Ham Church 2014) The demographic segmentation of Coles Australia is divided on the basis of age. The two segments on the basis of age are children (below 15) and adults (above 15). One the basis of income there are three categories high income group, middle income group and low income group. This divides the markets on the basis of lifestyle. On the basis of lifestyle two important segments are working group who do not have much time to shop and non-working group. On the basis of behaviour segmentations can be made on the basis of knowledge, character and reaction of the consumer (Rupp, Kern Helmig, 2014). Coles has divided the market into two groups on the basis of behaviours. These segments are of customers who have intense market knowledge and customers who have low market knowledge. Primary and secondary target markets: After the segmentation the next step for the company is to decide the target market. The primary target market of the firm includes adult households. The secondary target involves the children. The company designs it marketing strategies and services keeping the focus on adult households who have various cooking habits. It also caters the needs of working class group and tries to provide them the relaxing and time saving experience. The company devotes fewer efforts for catering the needs of children.The level of involvement your primary segment is likely to have towards your organisation in terms of the decision making. The primary target market of Coles that is adult house hold has a high level of involvement towards organisation in terms of decision making. Before arriving at any conclusion or decision the organisation first keeps the interest of the primary target. Keeping their needs in mind the company always provides with fresh, safe and healthy products. Considering the requi rements of working class it has also installed Self check out facilities, online shopping and contactless payments. In todays era being customer centric matters a lot because consumer has numerous options in the market place (Sotiropoulos, 2016). High involvement of targeted customers in decision making is therefore very important. This involvement does not means only the direct involvement it also involves the indirect involvement of the targeted group. It focuses on the middle income segment this is reflected in the various decisions taken by the firm to reduce the product cost and make customer aware about the lower prices. The company has decided to remove underperforming SKUs to reduce the product cost. The companys marketing campaigns are focused on price sensitivity. Various time to time decisions taken by the firm, show direct or indirect involvement of primary target in the decision making. Coles and Woolsworth are two major players in the industry up till now. But the rise of ALDI have challenged their position in the market .The other competitors of the firm are IGA and Costco. According to the reports of 2016, the market share of ALDI raised to 7.9 per cent. The Woolworths and Coles share came down to 34.2 and 29.2 per cent respectively. Last year the share of ALDI was 7.4 per cent whereas Woolworth and Coles covered 40 and 30 per cent of market respectively (Range, 2016). The figures reveal the decline in the shares of company due to rise of competitor. This competition has resulted into price wars among the competitors. Every firm is trying to cut down the cost of its products in order to remain in the competition. Strengths and weaknesses to your main competitor: For a firm to remain in the completion it is important to identify strengths and weakness of the competitor. For Coles there are two major competitors one is Woolworths and other is emerging competitors ALDI. Strengths and weakness of Woolworths and ALDI are discussed below: Established and recognised brand name. Has stores at various locations in Australia Deals in various businesses. Effective CSR programme Weakness Losing the market share Confined to national boundaries. Late entry in the online retail segment. Strengths Have experience of operations in various countries. Provides the products at lower prices. Developing very fast. Weakness Still new to Australian markets Less established brand name. Less stores as compared to competitors. Positioning: Positioning is the combination of all the steps and activities that sets a differentiated brand image. It sets up the brand identity in the minds of people (Kapferer, 2012). Positioning makes the organisation think about the brand element which is to be emphasised in the eyes of target customers. The element that is chosen for the purpose of highlighting must be relevant to the primarily targeted group (Riezebos Van der Grinten, 2012). The positioning of statement of Coles focused the brand as the Fresh food brand. For a long time this positioning statement was helpful for the company in grasping the market share. All the promotional campaigns of the firm emphasized on this element. But with the increase in competition the price war also increased. This will require the firm to bring a change in its positioning strategy. Now the positioning strategy of the firm will focus on promoting the competitive prices. According to the reports the fresh positioning of the company will promote low prices to maximise the interest of its target audience. The firm will be adopting a customer centric approach (Homewood, 2016). Current environment analysis of Australian markets reveals that economic downturns have increased the price sensitivity of customer. Also the entry of competitors in the market made the firm to rethink on its positioning. To gain more market share in the current era the firm focuses on price sensitivity. Cre ating a brand image that provides Fresh foods at competitive prices will help the firm to fetch more market share in the Australian markets. The positioning statement of the company must convey that the brand fulfils your daily requirement of fresh foods and at the same time it provides saving in the cost. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that Wesfarmers is a much diversified brand. It deals in various businesses. Coles is just a part of Wesfarmers group. It was acquired by Wesfarmers group in the year 2006. The Coles also deals in various portfolios. The Portfolio that is considered for this report is Supermarkets. The Coles supermarkets along with its key competitor Woolworths capture majority of share in the Australian markets. Its stores are spread in various locations in Australia. The aim of the company is to provide fresh food products to the customers and it has been successful in doing so since various years. But the recent trends in the Australia demonstrate the economy downturns, lowering the purchasing power of the customer. The government is also taking actions to remove the entry barriers to the industry for the other firms to enter the grocery industry. The government rules are no more in the favour of duopoly of Coles and Woolworths. All this led to the rise of new Competitor ALDI. The ADLI is a growing company capturing the market share of the giant market players. The company has taken the competitive advantage the providing the products at lower price. Now in order to satisfy the targeted customer base wools has also shifted its positioning strategy to competitive pricing. The company holds potential to maintain and grow its market share if it comes with the competitive prices. References Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013). Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Chung, F. (2016). Coles sales growth slowing. Retrieved from https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/coles-sales-growth-slowing/news-story/ae6a75789bed380dc13612d5fe65c8c5 Chung, F. (2016).Coles to cut product range by 15 per cent. Retrieved from https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/coles-to-cut-product-range-by-15-per-cent/news-story/55328f4da492e197e2f47662c12fcff6 Coles, (2017).Environment. Retrieved from https://www.coles.com.au/corporate-responsibility/environment Coles. (2017). Our Hisory. Retrieved from https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles/centenary Ham, E., Church, M. (2014). Types of Segmentation. Homewood, S. (2016). Coles eyes off the customer and 'fresh' positioning. Retrieved from https://www.adnews.com.au/news/coles-eyes-off-the-customer-and-fresh-positioning Kapferer, J. N. (2012). The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F., McDaniel, C. (2011). Essentials of marketing. Cengage Learning. Mudditt, J. (2017). Spotlight on Australias supermarkets and grocery industry. Retrieved from https://www.retailworldmagazine.com.au/spotlight-australias-supermarkets-grocery-industry/ Range, J., (2016). Australian grocery sector grapples with discounters. Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/559034a8-68ec-11e6-a0b1-d87a9fea034f Reinhardt, R., Domingo, S. G., Garca, B. A., Christodoulou, I. (2017). Macro environmental analysis of the electric vehicle battery second use market. In European Energy Market (EEM), 2017 14th International Conference on the (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Riezebos, R., Van der Grinten, J. (2012). Positioning the brand: an inside-out approach. Routledge. Rupp, C., Kern, S., Helmig, B. (2014). Segmenting nonprofit stakeholders to enable successful relationship marketing: A review. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 19(2), 76-91. Sotiropoulos, D., (2016). Why customer centricity matters. Retrieved from https://www.insideretail.com.au/blog/2016/04/01/why-customer-centricity-matters/ Wesfarmers. (2017). Our businesses. Retrieved from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/our-businesses/our-businesses

Inherit the Wind Essay Thesis Example For Students

Inherit the Wind Essay Thesis Are You A Man or A Monkey ?A Disturbing Movement of Anti-Intellectualism in AmericaIts more valuable to see with the eye in ones heart, rather than see with the eye in ones head.The epic crusade of science and technology versus theology, bothreligions of sorts dating back in time more years than any of us can begin tocomprehend. Maybe that is why, as a whole, we have such a difficult timediscerning between the two, or rather, why we fail to see clearly the truemeaning that lies behind the propaganda of either. The arguments on either side are significant and carry as much reasonand weight as the other. Thus, we simply cannot refuse to make a judgmentbefore looking critically into the logistics surrounding the propaganda of eachtheory. Gods diplomats, the Bible-thumping, prophesizing blow-hards muchlike Brady in Inherit the Wind, are as much the bigoted and biased,sacrilegious and amoral attention-seekers as they proclaim the evolutionists tobe. However, their chosen doctrine cannot b e overlooked, as I myself amdeeply devoted to its teachings. Brady and others like him fight from thebackbone of Faith. I dont believe in the literal deciphering of the Bible, butthat it is a book of ideals that we must trust in its veracity. It isnt meant to be explained! Ironically, the thing that people are the most hungry for, meaning, is the one thing that science hasnt been able to give them. Enter God, the meansthat mankind has clung to for purpose. If there isnt a God, does that meanthat 95% of the world is suffering from some sort of mass dillusion? Theremay be a thousand arguments against there being a supreme being that we canthink of, but its all those reasons that we cannot think of that allow him tocontinue to exist as a necessity in our hearts and minds. True, in the pastGalileo, Copernicus and others have proven that the Church can be wrong and I agree. Yet the Church, like humanity, has the right to make a mistakeand reassess their beliefs. It doesnt mean all they s ay is false, not at all! I couldnt imagine living in a world where God didnt exist I wouldnt wantto. Turn around 360 degrees and you are back facing the same direction,now science lies in front of you where religion so recently resided. Politics,science, philosophy, theology, technology its so easy to become confused. Science is a truth, no matter how adamantly we decree it otherwise. If wewere the center of the universe (as the Bible mandates), if we were all therewas itd be an awful waste of space. Think about it, what is morereasonable; that an all-powerful, mysterious God created the universe andthen decided not to give any proof of his existence, OR, that he simplydoesnt exist at all and that we created him so that we wouldnt feel so smalland alone. Proof? What is faith more than a sense of adventure, of risk. Science strives for reason and truth, hard evidence and fact, and right now weare merely in a technological adolescence. Bradys argument portraysscience as being purely practical, even profitable. In as sense, doing awaywith all pure research. In Inherit the Wind, Drumm ond replies sarcasticallyto this belief of Bradys that It frightens me to imagine the state of learningin this world if everyone had your driving curiosity. After all, what are wehere for? To watch television, drink Coca-Cola and eat McDonalds? No! Aship in the harbor may be safe, but that is not what a ship is built for. Wemust pursue our need for knowledge, and if this means going against anypreconceived notions we fostered in accordance to a God, so be it. To goforward, we must sacrifice. .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce , .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .postImageUrl , .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce , .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce:hover , .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce:visited , .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce:active { border:0!important; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce:active , .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud950d083c512ec4bd58dc0a1d0ad95ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jack London's To Build a Fire: Theme EssayAll in all, despite any persuasive contentions either way, Ive fosteredmy own belief in the matter. That, as a scientist you can believe in God andas a devout you can entertain evolution. Forget the book of the Lord or thebook of Darwin, in my book they are two totally separate things. Noscientific theory, including evolution, can pose any threat to evolution forthese two tools of human understanding are parallels, and not opposites, eachin their own separate realms. Science is simply an inquiry into the facts andnature of the world, while religion is a search for ethics and morals. Theyshould be equal, mutually respecting partner s, each the master of its owndomain, each vital to human existence in its own way. The wholecontroversy over evolution is misguided, for science without it is likechemistry without the periodic table or history without George Washington. Accepting evolution isnt rejecting religion. Both can, and should exist inharmony, and the powers that be should let the individual decide where hisinterests may be focused.

Inventory System of Fruitas Ice Candy Company Essay Sample free essay sample

Through man’s cognition and creativeness. the universe has been changed. from the prehistoric tools of the primitive adult male up to the modern machineries. the promotion in engineering and the state-of-the-art hardware and package that adult male uses today. makes our community march onward in an expeditious civilisation and industrialisation. The universe we live in has been transformed vastly with the coming used of the information. At this clip. about every facet of the human life is influenced by the rapid promotion of engineering supplying us with the fresh chances and fresh challenges at the same clip. This is manifested in all sectors of the economic system: communicating. instruction. wellness services. amusement. finance. publication. retailing. and other countries. Indeed. information engineering has made the unerasable grade in our lives. doing mundane life possible without it. Computerization is fundamentally concerned with the mechanization of undertaking utiliz ing computer-based information system. This procedure with the people involved in making a certain undertaking. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventory System of Fruitas Ice Candy Company Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page which being replaced by peculiar machineries. Computerization would besides intend less attempt exerted. sine manual can be done in shorter span of clip. In today’s turning market many concerns are turning toward automated systems to execute their mundane undertakings. Automated systems can replace the cost and clip consuming procedures that were one time completed by manus while supplying companies with more accurate informations. One machine-controlled system that is going more popular is the machine-controlled stock list system. This system is used to track the ware and goods of retail shops. food market shops. hardware shops. etc. In this paper the advocates will discourse the background of machine-controlled stock list systems. including what they are. how they work and what type of informations and information that they provide for concerns. They will besides give some illustrations of companies that have automated stock list systems and how they have changed their concern. They will supply the advantages and disadv antages of machine-controlled stock list systems and the affect they can hold on a businesses’ growing and competitory border. . Chapter 1 Introduction A. Background of the StudyFruitas Group aims to tag its tenth day of remembrance in the local nutrient cart industry by opening its five-hundredth shop in the state. Fruitas Group. the taking company in the local nutrient cart industry. could really good be doing history in a affair of months. As the company behind such successful trade names as Fruitas. Black Pearl. Tea-rrific! . Buko Loco. The Mango Farm. among many others. tag its decade-long reign in the market. Fruitas is pitching up to make a bigger milepost: that is. opening its five-hundredth shop in the state. Fruitas is proof that a proudly Filipino-owned company can be regarded as world-class and a leader in the nutrient cart industry. The concern finally did turn. In fact it grew over ten-fold. Fruitas now has 477 â€Å"profitable† shops countrywide. and the figures. harmonizing to Lester. won’t stop anytime shortly. B. Statement of the ProblemThere are a figure of jobs that can do mayhem with stock list direction. Some happen more often than others. Here are some of the more common jobs with stock list systems. * Unqualified employees in charge of stock list. * Not placing deficits in front of clip.* Excessive stock list in stock and unable to travel it rapidly plenty. * Computer appraisal of stock list points for sale is inaccurate. * Items in-stock gets misplaced.* Not maintaining up with the lifting monetary value of natural stuffs. The company is presently confronting this job and decided along the manner to upgrade the manual system that they are presently utilizing. C. Objective of the StudyInventory is basically no less than money stored by your concern. Companies must pull off and supervise this plus to avoid a broad assortment of dearly-won and potentially annihilating jobs. An stock list system that includes rhythm numeration. one-year or semi-annual stock list cheques. and implementing security cheques will greatly cut down or extinguish inventory shrinking. D. Significance of the StudyThe Inventory System will assist the fruitas for maintaining path of its gross revenues and stocks. The system made easy for the teller to utilize and salvage clip. The cashier/owner will non holding a difficult clip ciphering big measure of points when a client bargain and he doesn’t demand to look into the item’s list for the item’s monetary value. The teller can seek the points handiness. The system will supply studies of the gross revenues in a twenty-four hours or monthly. For the clients. they will acquire the exact alteration when purchasing big measure of points. They don’t have to wait for the Cashier/Owner in calculating their purchased because the system will automatically calculate the input points. They don’t have to wait for the cashier/owner in looking for the points needed because the system will supply the information of the points handiness. E. Scope and Limitations of the StudyThis survey focuses on Inventory System. It is intended to be used by the gross revenues company to assist do their work easier in finding mileposts in footings of gross revenues and do good determinations to do company’s processes more organized. efficient and profitable. Scope The range of an stock list system considers which needs the stock list system addresses. These include valuing the stock list. mensurating the alteration in stock list and planning for future stock list degrees. The value of the stock list at the terminal of each period provides a footing for fiscal coverage on the balance sheet. Measuring the alteration in stock list allows the company to find the cost of stock list sold during the period. The stock list degree and alterations allow the company to program for future stock list demands. RestrictionThe chief restrictions or disadvantages of an stock list system are the costs required in puting an stock list system up. and the complexness of utilizing and keeping an stock list system in an effectual manner. * Cost The engineering and package required by an stock list system can be expensive to buy. install and usage. For illustration. the package used to track what merchandises have been bought. sold and delivered in really proficient. and hence really expensive. In add-on. the engineering used in concurrence with an stock list system. such as tracking devices in bringing vehicles or barcode scanners. are besides expensive. This means that a good quality stock list system is normally out of range of little. new or independent concerns. * Complexity Due to the proficient nature of the package and engineering used in an stock list system. it can be hard to thoroughly educate all members of staff on how to utilize the stock list system in an effectual manner. In add-on. the instruction procedure can take yearss or even hebdomads. intending that concern can come to a standstill during this clip. As a consequence. although stock list systems can be improbably utile. they can besides be hard to implement. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In geographic expedition. we find new techniques. new cognition. even develop new substances. appliances. equipment. processes or processs. imaginativeness and accomplishment is employed by the research worker. The trade goods. new devices. services. in engineering are demands of adult male for a better Fuller life which is the concern of the research. These utile humanistic disciplines are the merchandises of the technological environment and the end-user is society in general. The fast turning tendency and invention in engineerings today prompts research workers to carry on surveies about the efficiency of system plan. This Chapter presents a brief reappraisal of literature and surveies. ASTRO VISION INVENTORY SYSTEMAstroVision is the country’s taking marketer of games. picture tapes. vcds and videodisk. It has subdivisions in all major promenades in the state. The customized system Astro System will incorporate its buying. stock list. gross revenues and accounting all of AstroVision’s 25 subdivisions spread across the state to its Main Office and Accounting Office in Metro Manila. The JIS ( Jeonsoft Inventory System ) is the 1 who creates the stock list system for the Astro Vision. The purpose of JIS is to supply easier and faster manner to supervise the motion of your business’ stock of goods. It is interactively designed to perchance make the common undertakings done in customary manner. From point entry. releasing of points. stock list accommodation. transferring of goods from one warehouse to another and production. certain you can maintain path of your stock list. JIS uses JibesXP Tools that has been particularly configured with belongingss that would assist you form good the flow of your stock list. WORLD WOOD Trading CorporationWorld Wood Wonder System is a customized package solution made for World Wood Trading Corporation. World Wood is a major importer and jobber of timber merchandises in the Philippines. The system manages the whole concern flow of universe wood from importing. stock list to gross revenues. accounting and bank consolidation. Chapter 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY A. Beginnings of DatasThe stock list procedure in the said company is used to cipher manually. without any aid from a computing machine. A manual stock list system is updated. maintained and controlled without utilizing a proficient system. This means the concern updates the stock list by physically numbering the stock list points on a frequent footing. Manual stock list systems are clip devouring. as the concern proprietor must maintain path of stock list gross revenues on a day-to-day footing. while updating the system manually at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. * Poor Communication A manual stock list requires employees and directors to compose down each clip an point is removed from the stock list. If one employee forgets to advert that the last merchandise has been removed from the stock list. a director expects the point to still be available for a client during a sale. Compared with a proficient stock list system. a manual stock list system does non assist the communicating in the workplace. A technological stock list system updates automatically one time an point has been scanned out of the stock list. so all employees in the concern know what is available at all times. * Physical Counts A technological stock list system provides updated Numberss for the stock list on a day-to-day footing. However. a manual stock list system does non supply any figure. as all Numberss from the stock list are gained through physical stock list counts. One of the troubles of running a manual stock list system is that physical stock list counts must be performed often to command the points in the stock list. This is clip devouring and can be the concern money. if employees must come in to assist out outside of concern hours. * Daily PurchasesKeeping path of day-to-day purchases is another hard commanding step with manual stock list systems. While technological stock list systems scan the point and subtracts the point from the stock list. a manual stock list system requires the employees to compose down the points sold during a individual work twenty-four hours. This can be a hard undertaking. as one employee may lose the list of points sold or another may bury to compose down a sale. * Ordering Supplies A manual stock list system does non update at the terminal of the twenty-four hours with updated stock list counts. This means you must travel through the stock list points each clip you need to put an order for new natural stuffs. merchandises or supplies for the stock list. This can be a clip devouring procedure. as you will physically hold to travel through each merchandise box and browse through the points. A technological stock list system can supply you with updates. so you know precisely how many points you have left in your stock list. This means you can look into your stock list and order your supplies from your office desk with a proficient stock list. B. Description of Research MethodThe research worker comes up with the cybernation taking for an tremendous invention and betterment in the bing manual system. The usage of computing machines is the best solution the research worker think that would reply the bing job in footings of operations and maps of stock list. record maintaining and monitoring system for the Fruitas Ice Candy Company. Computerized Inventory System is a computing machine plan that track stock list and creates automated replenishment order. Computerizing the stock list system brings the organisation the possible betterment in truth and velocity through better analysis of stock list tendencies. including the form of processing and recording. Furthermore. immediate consequence will be more timely and accurate information about. point soon on manus. Extra equipment and belongings forces could meet fewer loads. less attempt on treating minutess. and may avoid misplacing or lost of records. Automated stock list systems play a big function in today’s concerns. particularly the retail industry. This is because concerns want the ability to entree and form informations in a speedy and efficient mode. With an automated stock list system. concerns can trust on computing machines to make undertakings that were one time performed manually. such as stock list cheques and merchandise gross revenues. These undertakings can be really overpowering for concerns to make manually because of their size. figure of shops. and their merchandise diverseness. This can all be changed. though. With machine-controlled stock list systems these procedures can be handled in a timelier mode and besides be more accurate and dependable than of all time earlier. This is a great advantage over tracking stock list manually because normally a concern merely takes a complete manual stock list count a twosome of times a twelvemonth. which leads to a great trade of over and under carrying. With a manual stock list count concerns try to foretell which merchandises will sell better than others and the location they will sell better at. Although this does work ok. anticipations are non ever correct. which can do jobs if a merchandise doesn’t sell every bit good as intended or a merchandise sells better than expected. With stock list package. concerns can now analyse the information provided to find which merchandises are selling and which are non. The package packages allow concerns to take the guessing out of pull offing their stock list because it makes instant updates to the stock list and besides makes more accurate gross revenues anticipations for the hereafter. When utilizing an automated stock list system a concern can find what merchandises they should buy more of. what merchandises they should non. and how much should be ordered of each merchandise. Some stock list system package will even direct the order straight to the provider one time the stock list d egree of a merchandise drops to a certain figure of a peculiar merchandise. This helps concerns go more efficient by increasing their gross revenues while diminishing their stock list supply The new stock list system connects the stock list straight to their gross revenues so everything is immediately updated. which saves the university clip and money. Because the university no longer has the manual labour of look intoing stock list they have a more accurate history of what points are in stock. Their system is besides straight connected to the Internet. which provides pupils with the chance to buy their text editions online. While Southern Utah University needed to update their schools’ little but turning bookstore. other companies. such as Recreational Equipment Inc. or REI. were looking to automatize their full Incorporation. In the early 1990’s REI had come to the decision that their manual stock list direction was excessively much for the merchandise directors to manage. REI is a concatenation of over a twelve out-of-door equipment shops that sell 1000s of different merchandises. which include bivouacing. boosting. rafting cogwheel. and other out-of-doo r athleticss ( Santosus. Working ) . Analysts. at REI would physically number the stock list at every shop and find a gross revenues program for the undermentioned twelvemonth. This procedure was clip devouring for the company and frequently inefficient. The consequences of executing the stock list count manually were impeding the analysts from doing accurate gross revenues anticipations. This left stock list jobs to be spotted merely after they were already in topographic point so they were unable to take preventive steps ( Santosus. Working ) . In 1994 REI decided that put ining an automated stock list system was the manner to travel. That twelvemonth they started with the first stage of their long-run undertaking. which was to put in a package application called E3Trim. The package. installed by E3 Associates Ltd. . allowed REI to hold a more accurate history of what points were selling the best at each single shop. It besides gave them the ability to see what merchandises were being ordered. the daily position of those orders. and what merchandises they had in stock at the distribution centre. E3Trim provided REI with automatic comparings of the company’s gross revenues ends and their existent merchandise gross revenues and performed an analysis every dark to find what merchandises they should buy more of and give a recommendation. If the recommendation is accepted. the order list will be sent straight to the seller via facsimile. With merely this first stage of the new system in topographic point. REI was able to cut their telling rhythm down form one month to merely 14 yearss ( Santosus. Working ) . In 1996 REI began work on stage two of their automated stock list system. This stage was to put in a complimentary package application to the E3Trim called E3Slim. The E3Trim is a package application to manage the stock list supply of the full company ; E3Slim is an application to manage the stock list supply at each single shop. This system is installed at each shop and keeps an up to day of the month stock list record through a point of sale package. When a merchandise is low the system will direct an order back to the distribution centre ( Santosus. Working ) . Now with both systems in topographic point REI can more accurately track their stock list supply. which allows them to descry jobs before they occur and set up better gross revenues ends for the approaching old ages. Harmonizing to Dan McBroom. REI’s undertaking director. the installing of the E3Trim and E3Slim has increased REI’s gross revenues figures by 3 % while diminishing the stock list supply by 14 % . This package helped them to pull off their stock list in a more efficient mode and lower their costs. In both of the instances above put ining an automated stock list system helped these concerns increase their gross revenues while take downing their costs merely by giving them a more accurate manner to pull off their stock list. Automated stock list systems have many other advantages excessively. Automated systems are leting companies to. non merely cut down their cost. but besides to increase bringing times and their ability to restock their shelves in a timely mode. This means that clients will non hold to wait for out of stock merchandises. Companies can now be one measure in front of the consumers. These systems increase the productiveness of a concern while diminishing the downtime. which makes them more efficient for a smaller cost. It besides allows them to hold a competitory border in the market. Employees are able to easy trouble-shoot jobs that occur because the package will execute informations analysis to demo the differences between a company’s awaited gross revenues and their existent gross revenues. It besides helps do anticipations for future gross revenues ends. Having an automated stock list system can assist to associate sections that were one time thought to be isolated from one another. Even though concerns tend to believe of the stock list directi on. forces. gross revenues productiveness. and client recordkeeping as separate from one another they all portion critical pieces of informations and with the right package it can assist companies see the large image instead than merely the single pieces. In bend. this will let each section to be more efficient in their occupations because it increases the communicating. One of the biggest. and likely one of the most of import. advantages to put ining an automated stock list system is that helps concerns concentrate on their biggest end. to better the clients experience at their shop. With this package. companies can hold a better apprehension of client demand through the analysis of their gross revenues. With cognizing this companies can supply a speedy bringing of these demands. If client demands are met immediately so this will increase their satisfaction and they will be more likely to come back to that shop in the hereafter. If they have to wait. because merchandises that they desire are neer in. so they will seek other agencies of acquiring the merchandises they want. Even though the advantages of put ining an automated stock list system out weigh the disadvantages. there are still a few to be mentioned. One of the most common disadvantages is that one time a company installs the package their employees do non hold the proper preparation or cog nition of the system to recover the of import information that they want and need to execute their occupations. This disadvantage does non hold to happen though. by supplying the employees with the proper preparation to run the system they will be able to entree the information they need. Another disadvantage is that the package applications are going more complex in their design. This makes it harder for users to understand and work with the systems. The complexness and mutuality between sections can besides do jobs in placing where a job occurred. which can frequently take to thumb indicating between the different sections. Another disadvantage that can turn up is package bugs. Software bugs can besides do many jobs because they frequently go unnoticed until it is really big. So repairing the job can be a very clip devouring. Although a few disadvantages do be with machine-controlled stock list systems. they are normally things that can be avoided for the most portion through proper preparation and monitoring of the system. The advantages for an machine-controlled stock list system good transcend the disadvantages and can supply a company with a competitory border and increase their growing as a whole. Some of the chief ways companies can spread out and derive land over their rivals is by utilizing package that helps them to better understand their clients demands so they can in turn increase their gross revenues of those mercha ndises while diminishing their stock list by acquiring rid of merchandises that don’t sell every bit good or diminishing the measure that they keep in stock. All of this together helps the company increase their incoming gross while at the same clip diminishing their costs. An machine-controlled stock list system is package that allows companies to better pull off their stock list systems. They increase companies’ productiveness and gross revenues while diminishing their cost and clip spent to carry on an stock list count manually. In the two company examples I provided the add-on of an automated stock list system greatly helped their concerns go more efficient. As engineering grows and concerns expand it is going more and more obvious that holding manual procedures to execute undertakings are no longer to the company’s advantage. If they want a competitory border over companies automatizing is the manner to travel. In any organisation. computing machine is a necessity. Computerization to an organisational constitution is of import in order to make task easy and expeditiously. The College of Computer Studies ( CCS ) is cognizant that computing machine is an indispensable component to be more competitory presents. They do believe that cybernation will rush the processing capablenesss. gives right and accurate information and studies in speedy mode. However. the College of Computer Studies’ Inventory. Record Keeping. and Monitoring System are still done manually. They could non follow with the latest tendency in verifying. seeking and look intoing each supplies and equipment paperss expeditiously. Record maintaining become progressively hard to manage to an organisation and concern. particularly whom many equipment and belongings entrance to and hereby of equal clip to measure and storage to organisation that’s its proper registry. However. through computing machines and huge databas es available presents. maintaining the recording equipment big volume seems to be a natural phenomenon. to an organisation necessitating a proper topographic point to hive away all indispensable information. Through this spoilage or misplacing records can be avoided. and information can get in merely a click off. Due to this. the research worker comes up with the cybernation taking for an tremendous invention and betterment in the bing manual system. The used of computing machines is the best solution the research worker think that would reply the bing job in footings of operations and maps of stock list. record maintaining and monitoring system for the belongings and equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies. The researchers’ would used the undermentioned tools in garnering informations to prosecute their survey: the method of research such as Library System. Descriptive Method and the Systems Development Life Cycle ( SDLC ) . the Beginning of Data which includes-Personal Interview. surfing the cyberspace. Books ( published and unpublished stuffs ) which are critical in using and gestating the design and creative activity of the developed system. In bui lding the developed system. research worker will utilize RAD ( Rapid Application Development ) package technology paradigm to be guided in developing and bettering the capableness of the developed system. This package paradigm is considered as a high-velocity additive consecutive theoretical account. enables the developers to make a â€Å"fully functional system† within a really short clip of periods about 60 to 90 yearss. This procedure is really important to the developer in a sense that systems end product can be perceived in a shorter clip frame. The package may be applied in any state of affairs for which it possible processs and criterions are run intoing in peculiar organisation. The develop system is a possible application system that can be considered as a Business Software for which it contains a big array of database where information stored can be accessed and retrieve. It besides facilitates concern operations that can be used established plans and undertakings for farther betterments of the concern endeavor. The research will be located at Tarlac State University. College of Computer Studies. Romulo Boulevard. San Vicente. Tarlac City. With the aid of the â€Å"C omputer-Based Inventory. Record Keeping and Monitoring System for the Property and Equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies† . such troubles are mostly minimized. and would profit the modules. the belongings and equipment Forces and the whole college as a whole.

Taken Aback

Taken Aback Taken Aback Taken Aback By Maeve Maddox A reader encountering the expression â€Å"taken aback† looked it up in the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, where he found this example of usage: â€Å"I was a little taken aback at the directness of the question.† However, he also found â€Å"taken aback by† and â€Å"taken aback that† in other printed sources. He wants to know what rule, if any, determines what word should follow the expression. â€Å"Taken aback† is used as an adjective meaning â€Å"shocked, amazed, astounded.† In modern usage, it is frequently followed by an adjective complement. Note: An adjective complement is a clause or phrase that adds to the meaning of an adjective or modifies it. The adjective complement always follows the adjective it complements and is a noun clause or a prepositional phrase. A web search yields numerous examples of â€Å"taken aback† followed by a noun clause beginning with that: New Jersey imam â€Å"taken aback† that his mosque was under surveillance Which actress thinks you’re taken aback that she’s ‘easygoing but not necessarily stupid’? Im a little taken aback that you have reg priced a Hasbro F/X star wars lightsaber at 48.00 then put it at 50% off. I was taken aback that this kind of diatribe could actually make [its] way to the general public. When â€Å"taken aback† is followed by a prepositional phrase, the usual preposition used is by, although both with and at are seen. The adverb aback has been in the language since Old English times. Two of its meanings are â€Å"in a backward direction† and â€Å"behind.† As an adverb with the figurative meaning of â€Å"in the past,† aback still occurs in regional dialect: â€Å"Werent it you I saw ride that grey mare over on Wondala a couple of years aback?†(OED example: A. Agar Queensland Ringer (2008) v. 40).â€Å"   Ã‚   The earliest OED example of â€Å"taken aback† to mean â€Å"surprised,† â€Å"shocked,† or â€Å"disconcerted† is dated 1751. This sense arose from a sailing term: taken aback: (transitive verb in the passive) Of a sail: to be suddenly pressed back against the mast, preventing forward progress, either through bad steering or a change in the wind. Of a ship, etc.: to be caught in this way. A person who is â€Å"taken aback† is momentarily â€Å"thrown off course† by some event or remark. Of the 18 examples offered in the OED for both the literal and figurative use of the expression, only four are followed by a prepositional phrase, two of which are governed by with and two of which begin with by. Other dictionaries offer usage examples with the preposition at, but a search on the Google Ngram Viewer suggests that by is by far the most common choice. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherEnglish Grammar 101: Verb MoodWriting a Thank You Note

Australian Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Australian Politics - Essay Example ournal articles that deal with the issues of work hours, working on weekends, fall in birth rates, difficulties faced by the children of working mothers, etc. Due to the paucity of time and space, it has not been possible to explore this subject at a much greater depth, nevertheless, the main contentious issues have been addressed. This research endeavours to establish that despite the government’s various pieces of legislation in respect of work place rights, the situation has not shown much improvement. In this context, the available literature on this topic had been perused. Further, a reference had been made to journal and newspaper articles, government documents, etc. The stance of the government is that the situation has improved considerably, whereas the reality is otherwise and reveals that the situation is going from bad to worse. If the situation is not addressed on a war footing, then there could be a severe reduction in Australia’s population. The need of the hour is to strictly implement the extant legislation. Over a period of thirty years, Australia has obtained the dubious distinction of being the only country with high incomes, where working hours are not only very long but also where work takes place during nights and on weekends. This has had a very serious impact on the family life of Australians. The health of many employees has been adversely affected due to this work culture. Family relations are at an all time low and children have to deal with bad tempered parents whose decisions are unpredictable (Wade, 2007). Such extreme working hours has become universal and twenty percent of the workforce work for at least fifty hours a week. Further, the number of employees who are compelled to work on weekends is around thirty percent and two million people work on Sundays. There is no system of compensation for these extra hours of work on the weekends (Wade, 2007). The three decade old era of material prosperity in Australia, has a dismal

Public Policy Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Public Policy Analysis - Research Paper Example f the federal law in achieving its objectives and aims 4) inspecting the implementation of the law’s tenets in the scenario 5) conducting an evaluation of the federal law and 6) providing recommendations for improving the scope of the federal law and enhancing its effectiveness. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or SOX, which is also termed as the ‘Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act’ as per the Senate and known as the ‘Corporate and Auditing and Accountability and Responsibility Act’ as per the House is a federal law which was sponsored by United States Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and United States Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH) (Zelizer, 2002). The historical context of the Act is associated with an increase in the incidence of high-profile accounting scandals that marred several corporations across the United States namely Enron, WorldCom and Tyco International amongst several others in the period preceding the inception of the federal law and its tenets (Act, S.O, 2002). The consequences which followed the scandals that targeted key organizations across the nation greatly affected investor’s confidence in securities markets of the country and led to the incurrence of significant loss on the investor’s part which amounted to billions of dollars (Act, S.O, 2002). According to Miller and Bredeson (2009), individuals’ financial trends are characterized by their monthly income and since most individuals within the United States are unable to save on an extensive scale because of minimal salaries or working on legal minimum wage, those who are still able to retain a certain percentage of their income on a monthly basis seek to secure their savings in a reliable source. In the given situation, investing in corporate stocks to benefit from high returns appears to be a viable option that is also secure in comparison with other alternatives (Miller and Bredeson, 2009). The attractiveness of investing in corporate stocks is

To what extent do recent scientific discoveries in Europe reflect rise Essay

To what extent do recent scientific discoveries in Europe reflect rise and fall in religious observants - Essay Example The most famous being the fate of Galileo who fought and died for his discovery of truth. However these warring sects have also been in compromises later. Both of these sides sometimes supplementing their views upon a common interest. However it should also be understood that religion faced its major opposition not from science but from other areas including politics. Therefore highlighting the conflicts between sciences may be an act of others other than the scientific community who has vested interests. Science cannot be placed as a culprit which started the decline in religion. Religious reformations in the beginning of modern Europe and critical as well as anti authoritarian nature of the renaissance humanism definitely shattered the unity of intellectual thoughts. These developments were vital to the advancement of science. Moreover the discovery of new world and that the earth is round , along with the invention of fire arms and astrology, improved mechanical clocks, developmen t of ship building and new navigational routes etc helped in the opening up of new intellectual perspectives and methods of discoveries that completely depended upon rationalism rather than religion. Clashing with religious beliefs, new claims and discoveries were made based on mechanical terms. The world was explained in a mechanical way rather than in a spiritual way. Moreover scientific objectivity was towards complementing secularism rather than religious beliefs. It focused on how to improve the material life rather than spiritual. Europe witnessed a separation from the spiritual world which was regarded as a fundamental shift. Scientific discoveries enabled to think that the humans were capable of controlling their environment. This radical change of thoughts paved the way for industrialization in the early nineteenth century. It is true that these developments made by science were against some religious principles and thinking but it has also to be understood that the face of religion was somewhat maligned by some elements of the clergy which had political and selfish interests. They used religion to defend their selfish motives thereby creating an impression that religion was always against science or rational thinking (Early Modern Europe. 2008). An exaggerated feeling that always science and religion were at odds was propagated during the scientific revolution. The epicenter of such thoughts were the same culprits who were purely anti religious and others who strongly wished to see the declining influence of religion in Europe. This was especially true with the astronomical discoveries that shifted the focus away from the established Ptolemaic system to a heliocentric system. Really the institutionalized clergy was too much worried upon such developments. At the same time some who took a positive stance advocated that science should not be rejected because of the fact that it truly unfolds the admirable wisdom of God. This concept was developed by Jo hn Calvin. Calvin who was a protestant supported scientific theories to get popularized and believed. Therefore Christianity also saw a division on the basis of acceptance of scientific theories and discoveries during that period. In spite of division in Christianity that into Protestants and Catholics, science scaled new heights. Protestants were happy to support scientific discover

Should Smoking be Banned? J.S Mills Harm Principle

Should Smoking be Banned? J.S Mills Harm Principle Should Smoking Be Banned? Discuss In Relation to J.S Mills Harm Principle Smoking has held a social stigma for many years, yet has generally been protected from being prohibited due to the principle of a freedom to smoke. However, freedom comes in many forms and means different things to different people, and with some concepts of freedom it may be seen that smoking should be banned. This essay will focus on one particular idea of freedom, J.S Mills Harm Principle, and will look in depth at how this relates to smoking. The essay will look at whether smoking should be banned, either partially, as is the case in Britain today or completely. The essay will also look at ideas such as Paternalism and consent and how this relates to J.S Mills Harm Principle and a smoking ban and concludes on whether smoking should be banned. J. S Mills Harm Theory is an idea based on the instrumental value of freedom. Instrumental value of freedom is concerned with the outcome, as opposed with the intrinsic value which is more concerned with freedom itself being fulfilled, the outcome desired usually being one with the most utility. Mills Harm Theory is the principle that a person should be restricted from committing an act that will cause harm. There are however restrictions to this rule. Acts are divided into two categories, other regarding and self regarding. Other regarding cause harm to others, such as assaulting another person, self regarding only harms the actor. Mills argues that only other regarding actions should be prohibited. N. Barry states the only grounds for interfering with an individual is to prevent harm to others; over action that affect only himself the individual is sovereign.1 Thus, under Mills Harm Principle actions that affect only the actor should not be prohibited. Mills did not think that all self-regarding acts are morally indifferent, and the principle supports persuasion against self regarding acts that are deemed immoral, however it is not persuasion, and coercion, that should be used.2 The reasoning behind Mills principle is that he believed in maximum freedom of the person. With regard to expression and thought, Mills Harm Principle does not place the same restrictions he places on actions. Other regarding actions that only cause offence and not injury should not be prohibited, no matter how much offence is caused. Clearly Mills had placed restriction on other regarding actions, as causing injury to others should not be defended in the name of freedom. None the less J. S Mills clearly thought that state authority should be markedly limited so as to leave as much room for liberty.3 The Harm Principle can be applied to the concept of smoking; however there are several interpretations and criticisms of this. Smoking in public is generally seen as an other regarding action as it causes harm to others. Second hand smoke (SHS) contains 4000 toxic chemicals4 and the Smoking in private however is usually seen as a self regarding action as the only harm caused is to the smoker. Thus, following the J. S Mills Harm Principle smoking should be banned in public places, but not banned entirely. The UK government introduced a ban on smoking in all public places in 20075 and this seems like the appropriate action if you were to follow J.S Mills Harm Principle. There are however many criticisms of the Harm Principle that actually suggest a ban on smoking in public places does not go far enough. It can be argued that smoking privately in your own home is not merely a self regarding action. Political theorists, notably James Fitzjames Stephen and Lord Delvin, have argued that there is not such thing as a self regarding action as all actions have some effect on others. Garner summarises this argument stating that there is no such thing as private immortality in the sense that even our private behaviour will have public consequence.6 It seems unlikely that even the most trivial private action would affect society, however there is a strong case that smoking does. Firstly smokers are likely to have their health affected later in life due to their smoking, which could ultimately lead to seriously health problems or death. It is argued that this would cause financial harm, through funeral costs or being left without a financial provider, and emoti onal harm to the smokers family. It is also argued that smokers harm society as tax payer money is spent on providing NHS treatment or social benefits if the smoker is left unable to work due to his habit.7 It can be argued then that smoking privately is not a self regarding action, is in fact an other regarding action, and thus following J.S Mills harm principle should be banned completely. D.D Raphael states however that this objection is not to the principle of Mills position, but to its unreality, its lack of application.8 In theory there are self regarding actions, but in reality they rarely, if at all, exist. Paternalism counters J.S Mills idea that a self regarding act, presuming they exist, should be allowed. Paternalism, with regard to smoking, would argue that the state ought to be concerned with the moral welfare of the individual agent.9 Paternalism would support the state prohibiting smoking in order to protect the individual, and thus would support an absolute ban on smoking. This is the same principle behind that of controlled drugs, of which the consumption is illegal if done so privately. Mill would obviously reject this principle as it goes against what is set out in the Harm Principle. Mill advocated the freedom of action, even if it is self harming as he believed it was both character forming, and humans are the best judge of their actions.10 Professor H. L. A Hart was a keen supporting of the idea that criminal law is to prevent harm to other people however even Hart accepted that the propriety of some paternalistic legislation e.g on the control of drugs.11 Smoking is as h armful clearly harmful to the user, with 25% of smokers dying from the habit12, then surely it is the states responsibility to prohibit the action. This is certainly the paternalistic viewpoint. Goodin makes an interesting point in The Ethics of Smoking. A supporter of Mills may argue Paternalism prohibition of smoking stops the individual from being free. However, if the smoker is trying to quit then by banning smoking completely, we are simply using coercion to enable people to carry out their own goals.13 Consent is an issue that is commonly found when discussing the banning of smoking, and has been used by both pro and anti ban theorist. It may be argued that non-smokers choose to visit public places where smoking is prevalent such as pubs or clubs. The harm they receive then from second hand smoke has been consented to as they choose to visit said public place. This would seem to conclude that smoking in public is only an other regarding action if it has been consented to, and therefore that smoking should be allowed freely in all public places. However, non-smokers if they sought to visit non-smoking pubs and clubs would have very limited choice. Even more importantly individuals who work in areas where smoking is allowed will suffer even greater health risks due to their constant interaction with second hand smoke. Goodin argued that passive smoking generally occurs as unavoidable consequence of being in proximity to smokers and thus they are involuntarily smoking.14 Therefore, it can be argued, there is actually no consent, so this cannot be used as a defence against ban of smoking in public places. If consent is not an argument for allowing smoking in public places, then it is certainly used when countering a complete smoking ban. Anti-Smoking ban individuals state that they have consented to smoking, and thus to the harm itself. Therefore they did not require any paternalistic state intervention. Dworkin summarises this stating the incurring of harm requires the active co-operation of the victim.15 This supports Mills idea that an individual is the best judge of their own actions, and they want to smoke and know the consequences it is their right to do so. However Goodin makes an interesting contradiction. As tobacco is addictive due to chemicals such as nicotine then the individual only consents to the first cigarette, as they cannot help but smoke after this. Goodin argues if the product is truly addictive, then we have no more reason to respect the persons voluntary choice (however well informed) to abandon his future validation to an addiction than we have for respecting a persons voluntary choice (however well informed) to sell himself to slavery.16 There are more practical objections to a complete ban on smoking however. Barry, amongst others, points out a utilitarian view supporting smoking. If smoking was to be banned, and tobacco was to be made an illegal substance society would see many negative consequences. There would be an increase in crime, both of the users and dealers of tobacco, and a gangster culture would develop around tobacco just as it has with controlled goods. As tobacco would be very expensive to (illegally) purchase, crime rates would increase that way as users may commit crime to fund their expensive habit.17 This can easily be related with the criticism of Mills Harm Theory that smoking is not an other regarding action due to its cost to society. If smoking was to be banned completely the increase in crime because of this would have a larger detrimental cost than would be saved through the decrease in NHS and social spending. The question remains, should smoking be banned? Strictly following the Harm Principle it would seem that smoking should be banned in public, but in private, as then it is only harming the user. However, this is only the case if you agree that smoking in private is a self regarding action. We have seen arguments both for and against classify smoking as a completely other regarding action and if this is the case then in theory smoking should be completely banned. Smoking should also be banned completely if you believe the state should play a paternalistic role in protecting its citizens from the harm of smoking. Consent obviously plays a role in this topic and we have seen how it has been argued that a smoker who consents to the harm should be allowed to continue smoking, although there have even been contradictions to this. Practicality should not forgotten, and a complete ban in smoking raises some serious concerns about the social effect this would have. It seems then that a compromise is needed in order to decide whether smoking should be banned. A ban in public places seems to be best solution to the problem; it protects passive smokers yet eliminates the danger to society that would occur if smoking was completely banned. Of course, some would argue we are still letting individuals harm themselves, however adult humans know the risk of smoking, and on a whole the cost to the individual is less than the possible cost to society. It seems J.S Mills Harm Principle is ideal for addressing the question of a smoking ban, and a ban on public smoking, as seen in the UK and states around the world is the best solution. 1 N. Barry, Modern Political Theory 4th ed. (Basingstoke; Macmillan Press Ltd, 2000) p.211 2 Ibid. p.211 3 D.D. Raphael, Problems of Political Philosophy 2ND ed. (London; Pall Mall Press Ltd, 1990) p.78 4http:/smokefree.nhs.uk/why-go-smokefree/secondhand-smoke/ accessed December 5 2009 5 R. Garner, Introduction to Politics (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2009) p.100 6 Garner (2009) p101 8 Rapheal (1990) p.66 9 Ibid. p66 10 Barry (2000) p.101 11 Rapheal (1990) p.81 12 R.E Goodin, The Ethics of Smoking, Ethics, Vol.99, No.3, (1989) p.588 13 Goodin (1989) p.586 14 Ibid. p.586 15 Goodin (1989) p.579 16Ibid p.586 17Barry (2001) p.219

The Different Types of Discrimination Essay -- Prejudice, Racism, Cult

Discrimination Religion, national origin, race, and social status are the suspect classifications of discrimination, but are these the only categories that should not be discriminated against? People today are searching for equal rights and opportunities. No one should be suffering from any type of discrimination, but they are. Discrimination is an unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice, therefore sex, disability, and age should be included in the suspect classifications of discrimination (â€Å"Discrimination†). Sex discrimination is the differential treatment based on sex (â€Å"Answer†). Traditionally in American culture higher value has been given to males, this is why sex discrimination is commonly found in the work place among women. Focus in a workplace where sex discrimination is prevalent; the choices are not made based on the ability of the person, but their gender. The reason why gender is a big issue for women in the workplace is because women are looked at as part of the household committee instead of in the economical world. Women are not seen as capable entities, but solely as â€Å"baby-makers†. This method of conducting business has deterred many women that are far more capable than the men who were given the job. Sex discrimination in the employment world is not a new issue, but one that stems from the past. The Fair Labor Standard Act of 1938 established a minimum wage for both men and women providing equality (â€Å"Answer†). Even though this act was passed, many women are still paid less than men for the same job. In 1963, the Equal Pay Act acknowledged women as workers and not just homemakers (â€Å"Answer†). Now in 2007, sex discrimination is still being done in some occupations, but they are making progress. ... ...en booking a hotel room you are required to be at least 18 years of age. At 18 years old you are required to provide a deposit just incase you break hotel property, while older adults are not required to provide a deposit. We live in a country where youth is full of energy, while old is worthless, but we all should be treated equally. Discrimination has been a big issue in society for a long time. National origin, religion, social status, and race are the suspect classifications that are not allowed to be discriminated against. Are these the only categories that are worthy of protection? Not as long as America is the home of the free. Sex, Disability, and Age discrimination are categories that are being over looked everyday. By not acknowledging these other, very significant types of discrimination not only are the business world losing out, but America as a whole.

Week Assignment

However, each company must access their unique situation and environment to determine if IT outsourcing is the method going forward. There can be immense fiscal and operational benefits, but also significant risks. Factors for Outsourcing The most obvious factor in whether or not to outsource is cost. Companies are driven by profits. If the cost of outsourcing ammonium's the Return on Investment (ROI) then it is unlikely executive management would consider the option. However, in today's environment companies like Amazon are able to achieve vast efficiencies by consolidating massive resources into a globalInfrastructure as a Service (alas) capability. Services like SAWS can establish thousands of virtual servers within an hour. All within Amazon's mature, secure, and stable environment Another factor for outsourcing is, in by doing so, allowing a company to focus on its core competency and not be burdened by IT requirements. Additionally, companies like SAWS provide robust, scalable, and leading edge capabilities that would be, for most, excessively burdensome to plan, implement, maintain, and operate. However, though SAWS can deliver organizational requirements to the majority of potential customers, some are more feasible than others.Big data companies which have massive analytics requirements need customized server configurations to attain deliverable efficiencies. Though Amazon and others have made strides in accomplishing just that, they cannot compete with a costly in-house implementation. Risks in Outsourcing Companies like Amazon have changed the thinking paradigm of risks associated with outsourcing IT. Not even 5-10 years ago companies were concerned with risks such as quality of services, reliable ¶y', and excessive dependency. Today the environment differs significantly. Companies sign up with Amazon in search of reliability.Quality of service is impeccable and Amazon institutes a fee for service marketing platform so companies only pay for what t hey use. However, there are other risks that cannot be overlooked. One of these key risks is security. Though Amazon likely has a healthy security posture, due to their immense success, has also become a key hacker target. Storing all company data to an external vendor must make management a little uneasy. Corporate intellectual property and the trust of a company's customers can be shaken by one significant breach. Is it worth the risk?Outsourcing Costs Services like Amazon have made it increasingly attractive to consider outsourcing with their fee for service model. In a server brutalized environment CHIP cores, memory, and storage is shared. SAWS only charges customers for what they use. In the contrary, in an in-house solution, the costs don't stop when operations do. There are reoccurring costs associated with power, facilities, support contracts, etc. All these costs vanish when utilizing an alas capability such as SAWS. Not to mention a reduction in staff as robust IT staff w ill no longer be required if there is minimal infrastructure to support.Implications of Outsourcing IT If the decision is made to outsource IT, it would alter the face of the organization business structure as whole groups may be removed. Internal IT operations impact almost every facet of an organization. Finance and HER need to support the additional IT staff and IT operational costs. Fewer individuals typically reduce liability risks associated with general operations. Security needs to be enforced in data centers and other highly sensitive IT infrastructure areas. The need for a CIO and/or COT would be somewhat reduced.Lastly, the need for an IT tier 3 and above staff could be potentially completely eliminated. Outsourcing IT would create a lean organization focused on its core competencies and more likely to attain that elusive competitive advantage in its marketplace. Outsourcing IT is here and it's here to stay. Companies will find it more and more difficult to be competitive in a market where your competitors are not burdened by IT requirements. Cost, efficiencies, and strategic vision are several of the many factors to consider with IT outsourcing. Week Assignment With respect to the tasks and duties of the administrative anager, the successful candidate is responsible for maintaining administrative staff through recruitment, selection, organization, orientation, and constant training; maintaining a secure and safe job environment; initiating and developing opportunities for employee growth and development; accomplishing employee resu Its through effective communication of job expectations, timely planning, continuous monitoring, and periodic appraisal of job results; provision of coaching and counselling services for the employees; overseeing of discipline matters within the organization; and initiating, enforcing, and coordinating organizational olicies and vital procedures. In addition, s/he will ensure strong labor relations and employment conditions, maintain records, prepare reports, compose correspondence, and develop budget recommendations for personal services and capital outlay.To execute the abovementioned duties with ease, the admi nistrative assistant will require various technological tools and equipment. In this regard, s/he should be well versed with use of laptop computers, personal digital assistants, multi-line telephone systems, and photocopying equipment. In addition a suitable candidate should be onversant with the technology that is essential for this occupation. This includes accounting software, spreadsheet software, electronic mail software, enterprise resource planning software, and desktop publishing software. Besides having essential technological competencies, a suitable administrative assistant should be knowledgeable in different areas and have diverse skills and abilities.In this regard, s/he should have knowledge of the principles of personal as well as customer services, clerical systems and procedures, English language, mathematics, economics and accounting, omputers and electronics, personnel and human resources, and sales and marketing. Fundamental skills for this job occupation range from active listening, effective coordination, time management, and speaking to critical thinking, sound judgment, effective decision making, and negotiation. Essential abilities entail oral expression, inductive and deductive reasoning, speech recognition and clarity, oral comprehension, written expression, and problem sensitivity. With respect to educational requirement, an ideal candidate should have a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration or any other related field.Recruitment Method The process of recruiting employees gives human resource managers an opportunity to reach out to prospective staffs and select suitable candidates for any job occupation. There are various ways that can be used to advertise the abovementioned post and select a suitable candidate to fill it. According to Gatewood, Field and Barrick (201 0), employment agencies locate and screen candidates on behalf of the employers. They use accredited procedures to choose suitable staffs and present them to employers within the shortest time. using this, employers are able to access individuals that ave sufficient relevant skills in a timely manner. Relative to this is employment of online recruitment companies or job banks.Gatewood et al (2010) ascertains that there are various online recruitment companies that give employers an opportunity to advertise emergent job opportunities. ikewise, this approach enables employers to find suitable candidates quickly and cost effectively. In addition, employers using this strategy connect with applicants from diverse backgrounds. They are able to choose experienced candidates whose qualifications are consistent with their job specifications. Assessment Methods As indicated earlier, successful organizational wellbeing relies on the effective performance of its human resources. Ma and Allen (2009) posit that to ensure recruitment Of competent staff, it is vital to understand employee behavior.Presumably, behavior influences attitudes and decisions of staffs in different ways. Psychometric tests can be used to evaluate qualified candidates to determine and understand their individuality. Results of these measurement tools are imperative for predicting employee behavior and maximizing their value with respect to job performance. From the job description, it is pparent that the administrative assistant will interact with fellow employees as well as clients at different levels. Effective performance requires high level commitment and relevant and sufficient competencies including strong interpersonal skills. Employee behavior has direct impacts on his or her mannerisms and general wellbeing.Upfront determination of this enables employers to optimize staff performance by providing suitable opportun ities for empowerment, growth, and development in a timely manner. Another ideal employee assessment method in this context would be use of oral nterviews. The interview strategy is important for generating vital information pertaining to the attitudes, skills, and behaviors of employees (DeCenzo, Robbins , 2012). Using well-structured and customized interview schedules, employers lure the staffs into providing a wealth of information about their abilities, opinions, and experiences. Using this information, employers are able to make vital decisions regarding ideal job placements, resource allocation, and strategic planning. Week Assignment He's bursting with excitement about everything the â€Å"new world† has to offer. He literally tells everyone in England to make the voyage. But that each parish, or village, in Cite, or Country, that will but apparel their fatherless children, of heritage or fourteen years of age, or young married people, that have small wealth to live on; here by their labor may live exceeding well: provided always that first there bee a sufficient power to command them, houses to receive them, means to defend them, and meet provisions for them. † (52) Smith is incredibly passionate about the land here, and obviously thinks it has more to offer than England. However, he also urges the English that they need a vast array of occupations here to truly thrive.He also tells them that they, too, will succeed. â€Å"Carpenters, Masons, Fishers, Fowlers, Gardeners, Husbandmen, Sawyers, Smiths, Spinsters, Tailors, Weavers, and such Like The Masters by this may quickly grower rich. † (52) On the other hand, William Bradford writes in â€Å"Of Plymouth Plantation† how remarkably dangerous the trip across the water actually is. The footnote to the first portion of the first sentence refers to a ship going down and everyone having to move themselves and their possessions from the Speedwell to the Mayflower.Not everyone survived the crossing; one seaman and one passenger died while at sea: â€Å"There was a proud and err profane young man, one of the seamen, of a lusty, able body, which made him more the haughty; he would always be contemning the poor people in their sickness and cursing them daily with grievous execration's; and did not let to tell them that he hoped to help cast half of them overboard before they came to their Journeys end, and to make merry with what they had; and If he were by any gently reproved, he would curse and swear most bitterly.But It pleased God before they came half seas over, to smite this young man with a grievous disease, of whi ch he died In a separate manner, and so was himself the first that was thrown overboard. † (54) I can about being seasick ends up the first to perish on the sea. Was it Just an ironic work of fate, or was it karma? Bradford writes in quick detail about the storms they faced and survived, which landed them in Cape Cod. He details one of the storms where they had to drift and could not sail onward. And in one of them, as they thus lay at hull in a mighty storm, a lusty young man called John Holland, coming upon some occasion above the gratings was, with a sell of the ship, thrown into sea; but it leased God that he caught hold of the topsail halyards which hung overboard and ran out at length. † (55) Bradford continues in his book about how they found a place to reside, but it wasn't without worry. The Pilgrims had to be extremely careful any time they went out to hunt or gather food and water, any time they explored a new territory, and any time they slept!The weather was turning cold, and they needed food and a place to build homes. They came across an abandoned Indian dwelling and took what food they found. â€Å"Which, they digging up, found in them divers fair Indian baskets filled with corn, and some in ears, fair and good, of divers colors†¦ † (60) After their dinghy was fixed and ready for shallower waters, they â€Å"found more of [the Indians'] corn and of their beans of various colors. † (60) If the Pilgrims hadn't come across the Indian's corn and beans, along with the seeds, they would have likely starved.It took them a month to find a decent place to settle and make camp, and an additional 10 days to actually get to the area free from Indians and start building. They had started exploring the lands on November 1 5th, then â€Å"On the 1 5th of December they weighed anchor to go to the place they had discovered, and came within two leagues of it, but were fain to bear up again; but on the 16th day, the wind came fair, and they arrived safe in this harbor.And afterwards took better view of the place, and resolved where to pitch their dwelling; and the 25th day began to erect the first house for common use to receive them and their goods. † (64) While on the Mayflower, there were Pilgrims (those who made the passage for religious reasons) and Strangers (those who came for business). The Pilgrims came together and wrote he Mayflower Compact, which is widely believed to have been the foundation of our Constitution. After this they chose, or rather confirmed, Mr.. John Carver (a man godly and well approved amongst them) their Governor for that year. † (65) Our excerpt of Bradford book concludes with their first Thanksgiving. They had a small harvest and started bracing their houses against the coming winter. The Pilgrims that survived the trip and the illnesses after coming to land were â€Å"well recovered in health and strength and had all things in good plenty. † (66) Week assignment Pornography degrades values that are held in high regard in a society. Pornography ought to be recognized as a form of free speech. And B B and C Question 8. 8. Which statement might be used to argue that pornography ought to be extensively regulated? (Points : 1) Pornography demonstrates realistic forms of sexual intercourse. Pornography provides enjoyment to millions of people. Pornography denigrates women. Pornography creates realistic perspectives about healthy relationships. None of the above Question 9. 9.Which statement might a libertarian most agree with? (Points : 1) The state should be responsible for the welfare of its citizens. The state should be allowed to restrict freedom whenever it deems it necessary to do so. Tate should restrict freedoms based on the greatest happiness of the citizens. The state should only be allowed to restrict behavior that harms others. None of the above Question 10. 10. John Stuart Mill would most agree with which statement? (Points : 1) The g overnment cannot limit freedoms of the citizens without circumstantial evidence.The government can only limit freedom when people's actions would harm themselves. The government can only limit freedom when people's actions would harm others. The government cannot limit freedoms of the citizens without forensic evidence. Study all 40 terms Study O Terms only Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when Judging the morality of an action, but for utilitarian the sole criterion is the action's consequences. True Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarian using to Justify their actions? The ends Justify the means. † Which of the following factors should be taken into consideration when performing Bantam's utilitarian calculus? The intensity of pleasure. 1 . In the early sass during times of revolution, rape, rampage, and chaos in certain areas of the world, the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy supplied its nuns with birth control pills. The reasoning was that, although the church opposed use of the Pill, the risk of rape and resultant pregnancy was so great as to override religious objections to the Pill.This Justification illustrates what sort of ethical system? Utilitarian Regarding the confinement raising of chickens for food, Jeremy Beneath would most likely argue that it is Not morally acceptable because chickens experience pain. According to utilitarianism individual happiness is the highest moral good. People achieve happiness by pursuing their rational self-interests. Therefore, people ought to pursue their rational self-interests. False Which of the following did Mill regard as our most important moral duty/right?Malefaction Suppose that an anti-abortionist assassinates an abortionist, claiming that, â€Å"The end justifies the means: It is better to kill one human now, than to allow that person to kill many humans (perform abortions) in the future. † This assassin's reasoning adheres to whic h ethical system. To a rule-utilitarian, we should in any particular situation, follow the rule that in mineral brings about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Utilitarian would support voluntary euthanasia, especially when the pain in a person's life outweighs the pleasure that he or she derives from living.According to which ethical system does the rightness or wrongness of an act depend on the act itself and not on its consequences? Deontological system Ethnologist S. Book suggests that, although lying is generally wrong, there may be isolated cases where the duty to lie conflicts with the more important duty to protect innocent human life. In these cases, lying may be morally Justified. This view will lead to the notion of: Prima facie duties. The development of proper self-esteem (the duty of self-improvement) in Demonology requires that we: Cultivate the good will.Which of the following, according to Kant, is a characteristic of moral maxims and duties? They are u niversally binding. According to prima facie ethnologists, a moral duty is binding unless it: Conflicts with a more compelling moral duty. Dry. Jack Sovereign has assisted numerous people in committing suicide, each of whom felt that his or her life was no longer worth living because of disease, disability, r terminal illness. Which of the following people would be most likely to disapprove of Dry.Asseveration's actions? Emmanuel Kant The categorical imperative requires us to: Always treat persons as ends-in-themselves. Identify the philosopher who said: â€Å"so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end in itself, never as a means only. † Emmanuel Kant. â€Å"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law,† is an ethical principle advocated by: Cant's demonologies. Week Assignment However, each company must access their unique situation and environment to determine if IT outsourcing is the method going forward. There can be immense fiscal and operational benefits, but also significant risks. Factors for Outsourcing The most obvious factor in whether or not to outsource is cost. Companies are driven by profits. If the cost of outsourcing ammonium's the Return on Investment (ROI) then it is unlikely executive management would consider the option. However, in today's environment companies like Amazon are able to achieve vast efficiencies by consolidating massive resources into a globalInfrastructure as a Service (alas) capability. Services like SAWS can establish thousands of virtual servers within an hour. All within Amazon's mature, secure, and stable environment Another factor for outsourcing is, in by doing so, allowing a company to focus on its core competency and not be burdened by IT requirements. Additionally, companies like SAWS provide robust, scalable, and leading edge capabilities that would be, for most, excessively burdensome to plan, implement, maintain, and operate. However, though SAWS can deliver organizational requirements to the majority of potential customers, some are more feasible than others.Big data companies which have massive analytics requirements need customized server configurations to attain deliverable efficiencies. Though Amazon and others have made strides in accomplishing just that, they cannot compete with a costly in-house implementation. Risks in Outsourcing Companies like Amazon have changed the thinking paradigm of risks associated with outsourcing IT. Not even 5-10 years ago companies were concerned with risks such as quality of services, reliable ¶y', and excessive dependency. Today the environment differs significantly. Companies sign up with Amazon in search of reliability.Quality of service is impeccable and Amazon institutes a fee for service marketing platform so companies only pay for what t hey use. However, there are other risks that cannot be overlooked. One of these key risks is security. Though Amazon likely has a healthy security posture, due to their immense success, has also become a key hacker target. Storing all company data to an external vendor must make management a little uneasy. Corporate intellectual property and the trust of a company's customers can be shaken by one significant breach. Is it worth the risk?Outsourcing Costs Services like Amazon have made it increasingly attractive to consider outsourcing with their fee for service model. In a server brutalized environment CHIP cores, memory, and storage is shared. SAWS only charges customers for what they use. In the contrary, in an in-house solution, the costs don't stop when operations do. There are reoccurring costs associated with power, facilities, support contracts, etc. All these costs vanish when utilizing an alas capability such as SAWS. Not to mention a reduction in staff as robust IT staff w ill no longer be required if there is minimal infrastructure to support.Implications of Outsourcing IT If the decision is made to outsource IT, it would alter the face of the organization business structure as whole groups may be removed. Internal IT operations impact almost every facet of an organization. Finance and HER need to support the additional IT staff and IT operational costs. Fewer individuals typically reduce liability risks associated with general operations. Security needs to be enforced in data centers and other highly sensitive IT infrastructure areas. The need for a CIO and/or COT would be somewhat reduced.Lastly, the need for an IT tier 3 and above staff could be potentially completely eliminated. Outsourcing IT would create a lean organization focused on its core competencies and more likely to attain that elusive competitive advantage in its marketplace. Outsourcing IT is here and it's here to stay. Companies will find it more and more difficult to be competitive in a market where your competitors are not burdened by IT requirements. Cost, efficiencies, and strategic vision are several of the many factors to consider with IT outsourcing. Week assignment Pornography degrades values that are held in high regard in a society. Pornography ought to be recognized as a form of free speech. And B B and C Question 8. 8. Which statement might be used to argue that pornography ought to be extensively regulated? (Points : 1) Pornography demonstrates realistic forms of sexual intercourse. Pornography provides enjoyment to millions of people. Pornography denigrates women. Pornography creates realistic perspectives about healthy relationships. None of the above Question 9. 9.Which statement might a libertarian most agree with? (Points : 1) The state should be responsible for the welfare of its citizens. The state should be allowed to restrict freedom whenever it deems it necessary to do so. Tate should restrict freedoms based on the greatest happiness of the citizens. The state should only be allowed to restrict behavior that harms others. None of the above Question 10. 10. John Stuart Mill would most agree with which statement? (Points : 1) The g overnment cannot limit freedoms of the citizens without circumstantial evidence.The government can only limit freedom when people's actions would harm themselves. The government can only limit freedom when people's actions would harm others. The government cannot limit freedoms of the citizens without forensic evidence. Study all 40 terms Study O Terms only Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when Judging the morality of an action, but for utilitarian the sole criterion is the action's consequences. True Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarian using to Justify their actions? The ends Justify the means. † Which of the following factors should be taken into consideration when performing Bantam's utilitarian calculus? The intensity of pleasure. 1 . In the early sass during times of revolution, rape, rampage, and chaos in certain areas of the world, the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy supplied its nuns with birth control pills. The reasoning was that, although the church opposed use of the Pill, the risk of rape and resultant pregnancy was so great as to override religious objections to the Pill.This Justification illustrates what sort of ethical system? Utilitarian Regarding the confinement raising of chickens for food, Jeremy Beneath would most likely argue that it is Not morally acceptable because chickens experience pain. According to utilitarianism individual happiness is the highest moral good. People achieve happiness by pursuing their rational self-interests. Therefore, people ought to pursue their rational self-interests. False Which of the following did Mill regard as our most important moral duty/right?Malefaction Suppose that an anti-abortionist assassinates an abortionist, claiming that, â€Å"The end justifies the means: It is better to kill one human now, than to allow that person to kill many humans (perform abortions) in the future. † This assassin's reasoning adheres to whic h ethical system. To a rule-utilitarian, we should in any particular situation, follow the rule that in mineral brings about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Utilitarian would support voluntary euthanasia, especially when the pain in a person's life outweighs the pleasure that he or she derives from living.According to which ethical system does the rightness or wrongness of an act depend on the act itself and not on its consequences? Deontological system Ethnologist S. Book suggests that, although lying is generally wrong, there may be isolated cases where the duty to lie conflicts with the more important duty to protect innocent human life. In these cases, lying may be morally Justified. This view will lead to the notion of: Prima facie duties. The development of proper self-esteem (the duty of self-improvement) in Demonology requires that we: Cultivate the good will.Which of the following, according to Kant, is a characteristic of moral maxims and duties? They are u niversally binding. According to prima facie ethnologists, a moral duty is binding unless it: Conflicts with a more compelling moral duty. Dry. Jack Sovereign has assisted numerous people in committing suicide, each of whom felt that his or her life was no longer worth living because of disease, disability, r terminal illness. Which of the following people would be most likely to disapprove of Dry.Asseveration's actions? Emmanuel Kant The categorical imperative requires us to: Always treat persons as ends-in-themselves. Identify the philosopher who said: â€Å"so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end in itself, never as a means only. † Emmanuel Kant. â€Å"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law,† is an ethical principle advocated by: Cant's demonologies.