Inventory System of Fruitas Ice Candy Company Essay Sample free essay sample

Through man’s cognition and creativeness. the universe has been changed. from the prehistoric tools of the primitive adult male up to the modern machineries. the promotion in engineering and the state-of-the-art hardware and package that adult male uses today. makes our community march onward in an expeditious civilisation and industrialisation. The universe we live in has been transformed vastly with the coming used of the information. At this clip. about every facet of the human life is influenced by the rapid promotion of engineering supplying us with the fresh chances and fresh challenges at the same clip. This is manifested in all sectors of the economic system: communicating. instruction. wellness services. amusement. finance. publication. retailing. and other countries. Indeed. information engineering has made the unerasable grade in our lives. doing mundane life possible without it. Computerization is fundamentally concerned with the mechanization of undertaking utiliz ing computer-based information system. This procedure with the people involved in making a certain undertaking. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventory System of Fruitas Ice Candy Company Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page which being replaced by peculiar machineries. Computerization would besides intend less attempt exerted. sine manual can be done in shorter span of clip. In today’s turning market many concerns are turning toward automated systems to execute their mundane undertakings. Automated systems can replace the cost and clip consuming procedures that were one time completed by manus while supplying companies with more accurate informations. One machine-controlled system that is going more popular is the machine-controlled stock list system. This system is used to track the ware and goods of retail shops. food market shops. hardware shops. etc. In this paper the advocates will discourse the background of machine-controlled stock list systems. including what they are. how they work and what type of informations and information that they provide for concerns. They will besides give some illustrations of companies that have automated stock list systems and how they have changed their concern. They will supply the advantages and disadv antages of machine-controlled stock list systems and the affect they can hold on a businesses’ growing and competitory border. . Chapter 1 Introduction A. Background of the StudyFruitas Group aims to tag its tenth day of remembrance in the local nutrient cart industry by opening its five-hundredth shop in the state. Fruitas Group. the taking company in the local nutrient cart industry. could really good be doing history in a affair of months. As the company behind such successful trade names as Fruitas. Black Pearl. Tea-rrific! . Buko Loco. The Mango Farm. among many others. tag its decade-long reign in the market. Fruitas is pitching up to make a bigger milepost: that is. opening its five-hundredth shop in the state. Fruitas is proof that a proudly Filipino-owned company can be regarded as world-class and a leader in the nutrient cart industry. The concern finally did turn. In fact it grew over ten-fold. Fruitas now has 477 â€Å"profitable† shops countrywide. and the figures. harmonizing to Lester. won’t stop anytime shortly. B. Statement of the ProblemThere are a figure of jobs that can do mayhem with stock list direction. Some happen more often than others. Here are some of the more common jobs with stock list systems. * Unqualified employees in charge of stock list. * Not placing deficits in front of clip.* Excessive stock list in stock and unable to travel it rapidly plenty. * Computer appraisal of stock list points for sale is inaccurate. * Items in-stock gets misplaced.* Not maintaining up with the lifting monetary value of natural stuffs. The company is presently confronting this job and decided along the manner to upgrade the manual system that they are presently utilizing. C. Objective of the StudyInventory is basically no less than money stored by your concern. Companies must pull off and supervise this plus to avoid a broad assortment of dearly-won and potentially annihilating jobs. An stock list system that includes rhythm numeration. one-year or semi-annual stock list cheques. and implementing security cheques will greatly cut down or extinguish inventory shrinking. D. Significance of the StudyThe Inventory System will assist the fruitas for maintaining path of its gross revenues and stocks. The system made easy for the teller to utilize and salvage clip. The cashier/owner will non holding a difficult clip ciphering big measure of points when a client bargain and he doesn’t demand to look into the item’s list for the item’s monetary value. The teller can seek the points handiness. The system will supply studies of the gross revenues in a twenty-four hours or monthly. For the clients. they will acquire the exact alteration when purchasing big measure of points. They don’t have to wait for the Cashier/Owner in calculating their purchased because the system will automatically calculate the input points. They don’t have to wait for the cashier/owner in looking for the points needed because the system will supply the information of the points handiness. E. Scope and Limitations of the StudyThis survey focuses on Inventory System. It is intended to be used by the gross revenues company to assist do their work easier in finding mileposts in footings of gross revenues and do good determinations to do company’s processes more organized. efficient and profitable. Scope The range of an stock list system considers which needs the stock list system addresses. These include valuing the stock list. mensurating the alteration in stock list and planning for future stock list degrees. The value of the stock list at the terminal of each period provides a footing for fiscal coverage on the balance sheet. Measuring the alteration in stock list allows the company to find the cost of stock list sold during the period. The stock list degree and alterations allow the company to program for future stock list demands. RestrictionThe chief restrictions or disadvantages of an stock list system are the costs required in puting an stock list system up. and the complexness of utilizing and keeping an stock list system in an effectual manner. * Cost The engineering and package required by an stock list system can be expensive to buy. install and usage. For illustration. the package used to track what merchandises have been bought. sold and delivered in really proficient. and hence really expensive. In add-on. the engineering used in concurrence with an stock list system. such as tracking devices in bringing vehicles or barcode scanners. are besides expensive. This means that a good quality stock list system is normally out of range of little. new or independent concerns. * Complexity Due to the proficient nature of the package and engineering used in an stock list system. it can be hard to thoroughly educate all members of staff on how to utilize the stock list system in an effectual manner. In add-on. the instruction procedure can take yearss or even hebdomads. intending that concern can come to a standstill during this clip. As a consequence. although stock list systems can be improbably utile. they can besides be hard to implement. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In geographic expedition. we find new techniques. new cognition. even develop new substances. appliances. equipment. processes or processs. imaginativeness and accomplishment is employed by the research worker. The trade goods. new devices. services. in engineering are demands of adult male for a better Fuller life which is the concern of the research. These utile humanistic disciplines are the merchandises of the technological environment and the end-user is society in general. The fast turning tendency and invention in engineerings today prompts research workers to carry on surveies about the efficiency of system plan. This Chapter presents a brief reappraisal of literature and surveies. ASTRO VISION INVENTORY SYSTEMAstroVision is the country’s taking marketer of games. picture tapes. vcds and videodisk. It has subdivisions in all major promenades in the state. The customized system Astro System will incorporate its buying. stock list. gross revenues and accounting all of AstroVision’s 25 subdivisions spread across the state to its Main Office and Accounting Office in Metro Manila. The JIS ( Jeonsoft Inventory System ) is the 1 who creates the stock list system for the Astro Vision. The purpose of JIS is to supply easier and faster manner to supervise the motion of your business’ stock of goods. It is interactively designed to perchance make the common undertakings done in customary manner. From point entry. releasing of points. stock list accommodation. transferring of goods from one warehouse to another and production. certain you can maintain path of your stock list. JIS uses JibesXP Tools that has been particularly configured with belongingss that would assist you form good the flow of your stock list. WORLD WOOD Trading CorporationWorld Wood Wonder System is a customized package solution made for World Wood Trading Corporation. World Wood is a major importer and jobber of timber merchandises in the Philippines. The system manages the whole concern flow of universe wood from importing. stock list to gross revenues. accounting and bank consolidation. Chapter 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY A. Beginnings of DatasThe stock list procedure in the said company is used to cipher manually. without any aid from a computing machine. A manual stock list system is updated. maintained and controlled without utilizing a proficient system. This means the concern updates the stock list by physically numbering the stock list points on a frequent footing. Manual stock list systems are clip devouring. as the concern proprietor must maintain path of stock list gross revenues on a day-to-day footing. while updating the system manually at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. * Poor Communication A manual stock list requires employees and directors to compose down each clip an point is removed from the stock list. If one employee forgets to advert that the last merchandise has been removed from the stock list. a director expects the point to still be available for a client during a sale. Compared with a proficient stock list system. a manual stock list system does non assist the communicating in the workplace. A technological stock list system updates automatically one time an point has been scanned out of the stock list. so all employees in the concern know what is available at all times. * Physical Counts A technological stock list system provides updated Numberss for the stock list on a day-to-day footing. However. a manual stock list system does non supply any figure. as all Numberss from the stock list are gained through physical stock list counts. One of the troubles of running a manual stock list system is that physical stock list counts must be performed often to command the points in the stock list. This is clip devouring and can be the concern money. if employees must come in to assist out outside of concern hours. * Daily PurchasesKeeping path of day-to-day purchases is another hard commanding step with manual stock list systems. While technological stock list systems scan the point and subtracts the point from the stock list. a manual stock list system requires the employees to compose down the points sold during a individual work twenty-four hours. This can be a hard undertaking. as one employee may lose the list of points sold or another may bury to compose down a sale. * Ordering Supplies A manual stock list system does non update at the terminal of the twenty-four hours with updated stock list counts. This means you must travel through the stock list points each clip you need to put an order for new natural stuffs. merchandises or supplies for the stock list. This can be a clip devouring procedure. as you will physically hold to travel through each merchandise box and browse through the points. A technological stock list system can supply you with updates. so you know precisely how many points you have left in your stock list. This means you can look into your stock list and order your supplies from your office desk with a proficient stock list. B. Description of Research MethodThe research worker comes up with the cybernation taking for an tremendous invention and betterment in the bing manual system. The usage of computing machines is the best solution the research worker think that would reply the bing job in footings of operations and maps of stock list. record maintaining and monitoring system for the Fruitas Ice Candy Company. Computerized Inventory System is a computing machine plan that track stock list and creates automated replenishment order. Computerizing the stock list system brings the organisation the possible betterment in truth and velocity through better analysis of stock list tendencies. including the form of processing and recording. Furthermore. immediate consequence will be more timely and accurate information about. point soon on manus. Extra equipment and belongings forces could meet fewer loads. less attempt on treating minutess. and may avoid misplacing or lost of records. Automated stock list systems play a big function in today’s concerns. particularly the retail industry. This is because concerns want the ability to entree and form informations in a speedy and efficient mode. With an automated stock list system. concerns can trust on computing machines to make undertakings that were one time performed manually. such as stock list cheques and merchandise gross revenues. These undertakings can be really overpowering for concerns to make manually because of their size. figure of shops. and their merchandise diverseness. This can all be changed. though. With machine-controlled stock list systems these procedures can be handled in a timelier mode and besides be more accurate and dependable than of all time earlier. This is a great advantage over tracking stock list manually because normally a concern merely takes a complete manual stock list count a twosome of times a twelvemonth. which leads to a great trade of over and under carrying. With a manual stock list count concerns try to foretell which merchandises will sell better than others and the location they will sell better at. Although this does work ok. anticipations are non ever correct. which can do jobs if a merchandise doesn’t sell every bit good as intended or a merchandise sells better than expected. With stock list package. concerns can now analyse the information provided to find which merchandises are selling and which are non. The package packages allow concerns to take the guessing out of pull offing their stock list because it makes instant updates to the stock list and besides makes more accurate gross revenues anticipations for the hereafter. When utilizing an automated stock list system a concern can find what merchandises they should buy more of. what merchandises they should non. and how much should be ordered of each merchandise. Some stock list system package will even direct the order straight to the provider one time the stock list d egree of a merchandise drops to a certain figure of a peculiar merchandise. This helps concerns go more efficient by increasing their gross revenues while diminishing their stock list supply The new stock list system connects the stock list straight to their gross revenues so everything is immediately updated. which saves the university clip and money. Because the university no longer has the manual labour of look intoing stock list they have a more accurate history of what points are in stock. Their system is besides straight connected to the Internet. which provides pupils with the chance to buy their text editions online. While Southern Utah University needed to update their schools’ little but turning bookstore. other companies. such as Recreational Equipment Inc. or REI. were looking to automatize their full Incorporation. In the early 1990’s REI had come to the decision that their manual stock list direction was excessively much for the merchandise directors to manage. REI is a concatenation of over a twelve out-of-door equipment shops that sell 1000s of different merchandises. which include bivouacing. boosting. rafting cogwheel. and other out-of-doo r athleticss ( Santosus. Working ) . Analysts. at REI would physically number the stock list at every shop and find a gross revenues program for the undermentioned twelvemonth. This procedure was clip devouring for the company and frequently inefficient. The consequences of executing the stock list count manually were impeding the analysts from doing accurate gross revenues anticipations. This left stock list jobs to be spotted merely after they were already in topographic point so they were unable to take preventive steps ( Santosus. Working ) . In 1994 REI decided that put ining an automated stock list system was the manner to travel. That twelvemonth they started with the first stage of their long-run undertaking. which was to put in a package application called E3Trim. The package. installed by E3 Associates Ltd. . allowed REI to hold a more accurate history of what points were selling the best at each single shop. It besides gave them the ability to see what merchandises were being ordered. the daily position of those orders. and what merchandises they had in stock at the distribution centre. E3Trim provided REI with automatic comparings of the company’s gross revenues ends and their existent merchandise gross revenues and performed an analysis every dark to find what merchandises they should buy more of and give a recommendation. If the recommendation is accepted. the order list will be sent straight to the seller via facsimile. With merely this first stage of the new system in topographic point. REI was able to cut their telling rhythm down form one month to merely 14 yearss ( Santosus. Working ) . In 1996 REI began work on stage two of their automated stock list system. This stage was to put in a complimentary package application to the E3Trim called E3Slim. The E3Trim is a package application to manage the stock list supply of the full company ; E3Slim is an application to manage the stock list supply at each single shop. This system is installed at each shop and keeps an up to day of the month stock list record through a point of sale package. When a merchandise is low the system will direct an order back to the distribution centre ( Santosus. Working ) . Now with both systems in topographic point REI can more accurately track their stock list supply. which allows them to descry jobs before they occur and set up better gross revenues ends for the approaching old ages. Harmonizing to Dan McBroom. REI’s undertaking director. the installing of the E3Trim and E3Slim has increased REI’s gross revenues figures by 3 % while diminishing the stock list supply by 14 % . This package helped them to pull off their stock list in a more efficient mode and lower their costs. In both of the instances above put ining an automated stock list system helped these concerns increase their gross revenues while take downing their costs merely by giving them a more accurate manner to pull off their stock list. Automated stock list systems have many other advantages excessively. Automated systems are leting companies to. non merely cut down their cost. but besides to increase bringing times and their ability to restock their shelves in a timely mode. This means that clients will non hold to wait for out of stock merchandises. Companies can now be one measure in front of the consumers. These systems increase the productiveness of a concern while diminishing the downtime. which makes them more efficient for a smaller cost. It besides allows them to hold a competitory border in the market. Employees are able to easy trouble-shoot jobs that occur because the package will execute informations analysis to demo the differences between a company’s awaited gross revenues and their existent gross revenues. It besides helps do anticipations for future gross revenues ends. Having an automated stock list system can assist to associate sections that were one time thought to be isolated from one another. Even though concerns tend to believe of the stock list directi on. forces. gross revenues productiveness. and client recordkeeping as separate from one another they all portion critical pieces of informations and with the right package it can assist companies see the large image instead than merely the single pieces. In bend. this will let each section to be more efficient in their occupations because it increases the communicating. One of the biggest. and likely one of the most of import. advantages to put ining an automated stock list system is that helps concerns concentrate on their biggest end. to better the clients experience at their shop. With this package. companies can hold a better apprehension of client demand through the analysis of their gross revenues. With cognizing this companies can supply a speedy bringing of these demands. If client demands are met immediately so this will increase their satisfaction and they will be more likely to come back to that shop in the hereafter. If they have to wait. because merchandises that they desire are neer in. so they will seek other agencies of acquiring the merchandises they want. Even though the advantages of put ining an automated stock list system out weigh the disadvantages. there are still a few to be mentioned. One of the most common disadvantages is that one time a company installs the package their employees do non hold the proper preparation or cog nition of the system to recover the of import information that they want and need to execute their occupations. This disadvantage does non hold to happen though. by supplying the employees with the proper preparation to run the system they will be able to entree the information they need. Another disadvantage is that the package applications are going more complex in their design. This makes it harder for users to understand and work with the systems. The complexness and mutuality between sections can besides do jobs in placing where a job occurred. which can frequently take to thumb indicating between the different sections. Another disadvantage that can turn up is package bugs. Software bugs can besides do many jobs because they frequently go unnoticed until it is really big. So repairing the job can be a very clip devouring. Although a few disadvantages do be with machine-controlled stock list systems. they are normally things that can be avoided for the most portion through proper preparation and monitoring of the system. The advantages for an machine-controlled stock list system good transcend the disadvantages and can supply a company with a competitory border and increase their growing as a whole. Some of the chief ways companies can spread out and derive land over their rivals is by utilizing package that helps them to better understand their clients demands so they can in turn increase their gross revenues of those mercha ndises while diminishing their stock list by acquiring rid of merchandises that don’t sell every bit good or diminishing the measure that they keep in stock. All of this together helps the company increase their incoming gross while at the same clip diminishing their costs. An machine-controlled stock list system is package that allows companies to better pull off their stock list systems. They increase companies’ productiveness and gross revenues while diminishing their cost and clip spent to carry on an stock list count manually. In the two company examples I provided the add-on of an automated stock list system greatly helped their concerns go more efficient. As engineering grows and concerns expand it is going more and more obvious that holding manual procedures to execute undertakings are no longer to the company’s advantage. If they want a competitory border over companies automatizing is the manner to travel. In any organisation. computing machine is a necessity. Computerization to an organisational constitution is of import in order to make task easy and expeditiously. The College of Computer Studies ( CCS ) is cognizant that computing machine is an indispensable component to be more competitory presents. They do believe that cybernation will rush the processing capablenesss. gives right and accurate information and studies in speedy mode. However. the College of Computer Studies’ Inventory. Record Keeping. and Monitoring System are still done manually. They could non follow with the latest tendency in verifying. seeking and look intoing each supplies and equipment paperss expeditiously. Record maintaining become progressively hard to manage to an organisation and concern. particularly whom many equipment and belongings entrance to and hereby of equal clip to measure and storage to organisation that’s its proper registry. However. through computing machines and huge databas es available presents. maintaining the recording equipment big volume seems to be a natural phenomenon. to an organisation necessitating a proper topographic point to hive away all indispensable information. Through this spoilage or misplacing records can be avoided. and information can get in merely a click off. Due to this. the research worker comes up with the cybernation taking for an tremendous invention and betterment in the bing manual system. The used of computing machines is the best solution the research worker think that would reply the bing job in footings of operations and maps of stock list. record maintaining and monitoring system for the belongings and equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies. The researchers’ would used the undermentioned tools in garnering informations to prosecute their survey: the method of research such as Library System. Descriptive Method and the Systems Development Life Cycle ( SDLC ) . the Beginning of Data which includes-Personal Interview. surfing the cyberspace. Books ( published and unpublished stuffs ) which are critical in using and gestating the design and creative activity of the developed system. In bui lding the developed system. research worker will utilize RAD ( Rapid Application Development ) package technology paradigm to be guided in developing and bettering the capableness of the developed system. This package paradigm is considered as a high-velocity additive consecutive theoretical account. enables the developers to make a â€Å"fully functional system† within a really short clip of periods about 60 to 90 yearss. This procedure is really important to the developer in a sense that systems end product can be perceived in a shorter clip frame. The package may be applied in any state of affairs for which it possible processs and criterions are run intoing in peculiar organisation. The develop system is a possible application system that can be considered as a Business Software for which it contains a big array of database where information stored can be accessed and retrieve. It besides facilitates concern operations that can be used established plans and undertakings for farther betterments of the concern endeavor. The research will be located at Tarlac State University. College of Computer Studies. Romulo Boulevard. San Vicente. Tarlac City. With the aid of the â€Å"C omputer-Based Inventory. Record Keeping and Monitoring System for the Property and Equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies† . such troubles are mostly minimized. and would profit the modules. the belongings and equipment Forces and the whole college as a whole.

Taken Aback

Taken Aback Taken Aback Taken Aback By Maeve Maddox A reader encountering the expression â€Å"taken aback† looked it up in the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, where he found this example of usage: â€Å"I was a little taken aback at the directness of the question.† However, he also found â€Å"taken aback by† and â€Å"taken aback that† in other printed sources. He wants to know what rule, if any, determines what word should follow the expression. â€Å"Taken aback† is used as an adjective meaning â€Å"shocked, amazed, astounded.† In modern usage, it is frequently followed by an adjective complement. Note: An adjective complement is a clause or phrase that adds to the meaning of an adjective or modifies it. The adjective complement always follows the adjective it complements and is a noun clause or a prepositional phrase. A web search yields numerous examples of â€Å"taken aback† followed by a noun clause beginning with that: New Jersey imam â€Å"taken aback† that his mosque was under surveillance Which actress thinks you’re taken aback that she’s ‘easygoing but not necessarily stupid’? Im a little taken aback that you have reg priced a Hasbro F/X star wars lightsaber at 48.00 then put it at 50% off. I was taken aback that this kind of diatribe could actually make [its] way to the general public. When â€Å"taken aback† is followed by a prepositional phrase, the usual preposition used is by, although both with and at are seen. The adverb aback has been in the language since Old English times. Two of its meanings are â€Å"in a backward direction† and â€Å"behind.† As an adverb with the figurative meaning of â€Å"in the past,† aback still occurs in regional dialect: â€Å"Werent it you I saw ride that grey mare over on Wondala a couple of years aback?†(OED example: A. Agar Queensland Ringer (2008) v. 40).â€Å"   Ã‚   The earliest OED example of â€Å"taken aback† to mean â€Å"surprised,† â€Å"shocked,† or â€Å"disconcerted† is dated 1751. This sense arose from a sailing term: taken aback: (transitive verb in the passive) Of a sail: to be suddenly pressed back against the mast, preventing forward progress, either through bad steering or a change in the wind. Of a ship, etc.: to be caught in this way. A person who is â€Å"taken aback† is momentarily â€Å"thrown off course† by some event or remark. Of the 18 examples offered in the OED for both the literal and figurative use of the expression, only four are followed by a prepositional phrase, two of which are governed by with and two of which begin with by. Other dictionaries offer usage examples with the preposition at, but a search on the Google Ngram Viewer suggests that by is by far the most common choice. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherEnglish Grammar 101: Verb MoodWriting a Thank You Note

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Australian Politics - Essay Example ournal articles that deal with the issues of work hours, working on weekends, fall in birth rates, difficulties faced by the children of working mothers, etc. Due to the paucity of time and space, it has not been possible to explore this subject at a much greater depth, nevertheless, the main contentious issues have been addressed. This research endeavours to establish that despite the government’s various pieces of legislation in respect of work place rights, the situation has not shown much improvement. In this context, the available literature on this topic had been perused. Further, a reference had been made to journal and newspaper articles, government documents, etc. The stance of the government is that the situation has improved considerably, whereas the reality is otherwise and reveals that the situation is going from bad to worse. If the situation is not addressed on a war footing, then there could be a severe reduction in Australia’s population. The need of the hour is to strictly implement the extant legislation. Over a period of thirty years, Australia has obtained the dubious distinction of being the only country with high incomes, where working hours are not only very long but also where work takes place during nights and on weekends. This has had a very serious impact on the family life of Australians. The health of many employees has been adversely affected due to this work culture. Family relations are at an all time low and children have to deal with bad tempered parents whose decisions are unpredictable (Wade, 2007). Such extreme working hours has become universal and twenty percent of the workforce work for at least fifty hours a week. Further, the number of employees who are compelled to work on weekends is around thirty percent and two million people work on Sundays. There is no system of compensation for these extra hours of work on the weekends (Wade, 2007). The three decade old era of material prosperity in Australia, has a dismal

Public Policy Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Public Policy Analysis - Research Paper Example f the federal law in achieving its objectives and aims 4) inspecting the implementation of the law’s tenets in the scenario 5) conducting an evaluation of the federal law and 6) providing recommendations for improving the scope of the federal law and enhancing its effectiveness. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or SOX, which is also termed as the ‘Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act’ as per the Senate and known as the ‘Corporate and Auditing and Accountability and Responsibility Act’ as per the House is a federal law which was sponsored by United States Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and United States Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH) (Zelizer, 2002). The historical context of the Act is associated with an increase in the incidence of high-profile accounting scandals that marred several corporations across the United States namely Enron, WorldCom and Tyco International amongst several others in the period preceding the inception of the federal law and its tenets (Act, S.O, 2002). The consequences which followed the scandals that targeted key organizations across the nation greatly affected investor’s confidence in securities markets of the country and led to the incurrence of significant loss on the investor’s part which amounted to billions of dollars (Act, S.O, 2002). According to Miller and Bredeson (2009), individuals’ financial trends are characterized by their monthly income and since most individuals within the United States are unable to save on an extensive scale because of minimal salaries or working on legal minimum wage, those who are still able to retain a certain percentage of their income on a monthly basis seek to secure their savings in a reliable source. In the given situation, investing in corporate stocks to benefit from high returns appears to be a viable option that is also secure in comparison with other alternatives (Miller and Bredeson, 2009). The attractiveness of investing in corporate stocks is

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Should Smoking be Banned? J.S Mills Harm Principle

Should Smoking be Banned? J.S Mills Harm Principle Should Smoking Be Banned? Discuss In Relation to J.S Mills Harm Principle Smoking has held a social stigma for many years, yet has generally been protected from being prohibited due to the principle of a freedom to smoke. However, freedom comes in many forms and means different things to different people, and with some concepts of freedom it may be seen that smoking should be banned. This essay will focus on one particular idea of freedom, J.S Mills Harm Principle, and will look in depth at how this relates to smoking. The essay will look at whether smoking should be banned, either partially, as is the case in Britain today or completely. The essay will also look at ideas such as Paternalism and consent and how this relates to J.S Mills Harm Principle and a smoking ban and concludes on whether smoking should be banned. J. S Mills Harm Theory is an idea based on the instrumental value of freedom. Instrumental value of freedom is concerned with the outcome, as opposed with the intrinsic value which is more concerned with freedom itself being fulfilled, the outcome desired usually being one with the most utility. Mills Harm Theory is the principle that a person should be restricted from committing an act that will cause harm. There are however restrictions to this rule. Acts are divided into two categories, other regarding and self regarding. Other regarding cause harm to others, such as assaulting another person, self regarding only harms the actor. Mills argues that only other regarding actions should be prohibited. N. Barry states the only grounds for interfering with an individual is to prevent harm to others; over action that affect only himself the individual is sovereign.1 Thus, under Mills Harm Principle actions that affect only the actor should not be prohibited. Mills did not think that all self-regarding acts are morally indifferent, and the principle supports persuasion against self regarding acts that are deemed immoral, however it is not persuasion, and coercion, that should be used.2 The reasoning behind Mills principle is that he believed in maximum freedom of the person. With regard to expression and thought, Mills Harm Principle does not place the same restrictions he places on actions. Other regarding actions that only cause offence and not injury should not be prohibited, no matter how much offence is caused. Clearly Mills had placed restriction on other regarding actions, as causing injury to others should not be defended in the name of freedom. None the less J. S Mills clearly thought that state authority should be markedly limited so as to leave as much room for liberty.3 The Harm Principle can be applied to the concept of smoking; however there are several interpretations and criticisms of this. Smoking in public is generally seen as an other regarding action as it causes harm to others. Second hand smoke (SHS) contains 4000 toxic chemicals4 and the Smoking in private however is usually seen as a self regarding action as the only harm caused is to the smoker. Thus, following the J. S Mills Harm Principle smoking should be banned in public places, but not banned entirely. The UK government introduced a ban on smoking in all public places in 20075 and this seems like the appropriate action if you were to follow J.S Mills Harm Principle. There are however many criticisms of the Harm Principle that actually suggest a ban on smoking in public places does not go far enough. It can be argued that smoking privately in your own home is not merely a self regarding action. Political theorists, notably James Fitzjames Stephen and Lord Delvin, have argued that there is not such thing as a self regarding action as all actions have some effect on others. Garner summarises this argument stating that there is no such thing as private immortality in the sense that even our private behaviour will have public consequence.6 It seems unlikely that even the most trivial private action would affect society, however there is a strong case that smoking does. Firstly smokers are likely to have their health affected later in life due to their smoking, which could ultimately lead to seriously health problems or death. It is argued that this would cause financial harm, through funeral costs or being left without a financial provider, and emoti onal harm to the smokers family. It is also argued that smokers harm society as tax payer money is spent on providing NHS treatment or social benefits if the smoker is left unable to work due to his habit.7 It can be argued then that smoking privately is not a self regarding action, is in fact an other regarding action, and thus following J.S Mills harm principle should be banned completely. D.D Raphael states however that this objection is not to the principle of Mills position, but to its unreality, its lack of application.8 In theory there are self regarding actions, but in reality they rarely, if at all, exist. Paternalism counters J.S Mills idea that a self regarding act, presuming they exist, should be allowed. Paternalism, with regard to smoking, would argue that the state ought to be concerned with the moral welfare of the individual agent.9 Paternalism would support the state prohibiting smoking in order to protect the individual, and thus would support an absolute ban on smoking. This is the same principle behind that of controlled drugs, of which the consumption is illegal if done so privately. Mill would obviously reject this principle as it goes against what is set out in the Harm Principle. Mill advocated the freedom of action, even if it is self harming as he believed it was both character forming, and humans are the best judge of their actions.10 Professor H. L. A Hart was a keen supporting of the idea that criminal law is to prevent harm to other people however even Hart accepted that the propriety of some paternalistic legislation e.g on the control of drugs.11 Smoking is as h armful clearly harmful to the user, with 25% of smokers dying from the habit12, then surely it is the states responsibility to prohibit the action. This is certainly the paternalistic viewpoint. Goodin makes an interesting point in The Ethics of Smoking. A supporter of Mills may argue Paternalism prohibition of smoking stops the individual from being free. However, if the smoker is trying to quit then by banning smoking completely, we are simply using coercion to enable people to carry out their own goals.13 Consent is an issue that is commonly found when discussing the banning of smoking, and has been used by both pro and anti ban theorist. It may be argued that non-smokers choose to visit public places where smoking is prevalent such as pubs or clubs. The harm they receive then from second hand smoke has been consented to as they choose to visit said public place. This would seem to conclude that smoking in public is only an other regarding action if it has been consented to, and therefore that smoking should be allowed freely in all public places. However, non-smokers if they sought to visit non-smoking pubs and clubs would have very limited choice. Even more importantly individuals who work in areas where smoking is allowed will suffer even greater health risks due to their constant interaction with second hand smoke. Goodin argued that passive smoking generally occurs as unavoidable consequence of being in proximity to smokers and thus they are involuntarily smoking.14 Therefore, it can be argued, there is actually no consent, so this cannot be used as a defence against ban of smoking in public places. If consent is not an argument for allowing smoking in public places, then it is certainly used when countering a complete smoking ban. Anti-Smoking ban individuals state that they have consented to smoking, and thus to the harm itself. Therefore they did not require any paternalistic state intervention. Dworkin summarises this stating the incurring of harm requires the active co-operation of the victim.15 This supports Mills idea that an individual is the best judge of their own actions, and they want to smoke and know the consequences it is their right to do so. However Goodin makes an interesting contradiction. As tobacco is addictive due to chemicals such as nicotine then the individual only consents to the first cigarette, as they cannot help but smoke after this. Goodin argues if the product is truly addictive, then we have no more reason to respect the persons voluntary choice (however well informed) to abandon his future validation to an addiction than we have for respecting a persons voluntary choice (however well informed) to sell himself to slavery.16 There are more practical objections to a complete ban on smoking however. Barry, amongst others, points out a utilitarian view supporting smoking. If smoking was to be banned, and tobacco was to be made an illegal substance society would see many negative consequences. There would be an increase in crime, both of the users and dealers of tobacco, and a gangster culture would develop around tobacco just as it has with controlled goods. As tobacco would be very expensive to (illegally) purchase, crime rates would increase that way as users may commit crime to fund their expensive habit.17 This can easily be related with the criticism of Mills Harm Theory that smoking is not an other regarding action due to its cost to society. If smoking was to be banned completely the increase in crime because of this would have a larger detrimental cost than would be saved through the decrease in NHS and social spending. The question remains, should smoking be banned? Strictly following the Harm Principle it would seem that smoking should be banned in public, but in private, as then it is only harming the user. However, this is only the case if you agree that smoking in private is a self regarding action. We have seen arguments both for and against classify smoking as a completely other regarding action and if this is the case then in theory smoking should be completely banned. Smoking should also be banned completely if you believe the state should play a paternalistic role in protecting its citizens from the harm of smoking. Consent obviously plays a role in this topic and we have seen how it has been argued that a smoker who consents to the harm should be allowed to continue smoking, although there have even been contradictions to this. Practicality should not forgotten, and a complete ban in smoking raises some serious concerns about the social effect this would have. It seems then that a compromise is needed in order to decide whether smoking should be banned. A ban in public places seems to be best solution to the problem; it protects passive smokers yet eliminates the danger to society that would occur if smoking was completely banned. Of course, some would argue we are still letting individuals harm themselves, however adult humans know the risk of smoking, and on a whole the cost to the individual is less than the possible cost to society. It seems J.S Mills Harm Principle is ideal for addressing the question of a smoking ban, and a ban on public smoking, as seen in the UK and states around the world is the best solution. 1 N. Barry, Modern Political Theory 4th ed. (Basingstoke; Macmillan Press Ltd, 2000) p.211 2 Ibid. p.211 3 D.D. Raphael, Problems of Political Philosophy 2ND ed. (London; Pall Mall Press Ltd, 1990) p.78 4http:/smokefree.nhs.uk/why-go-smokefree/secondhand-smoke/ accessed December 5 2009 5 R. Garner, Introduction to Politics (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2009) p.100 6 Garner (2009) p101 8 Rapheal (1990) p.66 9 Ibid. p66 10 Barry (2000) p.101 11 Rapheal (1990) p.81 12 R.E Goodin, The Ethics of Smoking, Ethics, Vol.99, No.3, (1989) p.588 13 Goodin (1989) p.586 14 Ibid. p.586 15 Goodin (1989) p.579 16Ibid p.586 17Barry (2001) p.219

The Different Types of Discrimination Essay -- Prejudice, Racism, Cult

Discrimination Religion, national origin, race, and social status are the suspect classifications of discrimination, but are these the only categories that should not be discriminated against? People today are searching for equal rights and opportunities. No one should be suffering from any type of discrimination, but they are. Discrimination is an unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice, therefore sex, disability, and age should be included in the suspect classifications of discrimination (â€Å"Discrimination†). Sex discrimination is the differential treatment based on sex (â€Å"Answer†). Traditionally in American culture higher value has been given to males, this is why sex discrimination is commonly found in the work place among women. Focus in a workplace where sex discrimination is prevalent; the choices are not made based on the ability of the person, but their gender. The reason why gender is a big issue for women in the workplace is because women are looked at as part of the household committee instead of in the economical world. Women are not seen as capable entities, but solely as â€Å"baby-makers†. This method of conducting business has deterred many women that are far more capable than the men who were given the job. Sex discrimination in the employment world is not a new issue, but one that stems from the past. The Fair Labor Standard Act of 1938 established a minimum wage for both men and women providing equality (â€Å"Answer†). Even though this act was passed, many women are still paid less than men for the same job. In 1963, the Equal Pay Act acknowledged women as workers and not just homemakers (â€Å"Answer†). Now in 2007, sex discrimination is still being done in some occupations, but they are making progress. ... ...en booking a hotel room you are required to be at least 18 years of age. At 18 years old you are required to provide a deposit just incase you break hotel property, while older adults are not required to provide a deposit. We live in a country where youth is full of energy, while old is worthless, but we all should be treated equally. Discrimination has been a big issue in society for a long time. National origin, religion, social status, and race are the suspect classifications that are not allowed to be discriminated against. Are these the only categories that are worthy of protection? Not as long as America is the home of the free. Sex, Disability, and Age discrimination are categories that are being over looked everyday. By not acknowledging these other, very significant types of discrimination not only are the business world losing out, but America as a whole.

Week Assignment

However, each company must access their unique situation and environment to determine if IT outsourcing is the method going forward. There can be immense fiscal and operational benefits, but also significant risks. Factors for Outsourcing The most obvious factor in whether or not to outsource is cost. Companies are driven by profits. If the cost of outsourcing ammonium's the Return on Investment (ROI) then it is unlikely executive management would consider the option. However, in today's environment companies like Amazon are able to achieve vast efficiencies by consolidating massive resources into a globalInfrastructure as a Service (alas) capability. Services like SAWS can establish thousands of virtual servers within an hour. All within Amazon's mature, secure, and stable environment Another factor for outsourcing is, in by doing so, allowing a company to focus on its core competency and not be burdened by IT requirements. Additionally, companies like SAWS provide robust, scalable, and leading edge capabilities that would be, for most, excessively burdensome to plan, implement, maintain, and operate. However, though SAWS can deliver organizational requirements to the majority of potential customers, some are more feasible than others.Big data companies which have massive analytics requirements need customized server configurations to attain deliverable efficiencies. Though Amazon and others have made strides in accomplishing just that, they cannot compete with a costly in-house implementation. Risks in Outsourcing Companies like Amazon have changed the thinking paradigm of risks associated with outsourcing IT. Not even 5-10 years ago companies were concerned with risks such as quality of services, reliable ¶y', and excessive dependency. Today the environment differs significantly. Companies sign up with Amazon in search of reliability.Quality of service is impeccable and Amazon institutes a fee for service marketing platform so companies only pay for what t hey use. However, there are other risks that cannot be overlooked. One of these key risks is security. Though Amazon likely has a healthy security posture, due to their immense success, has also become a key hacker target. Storing all company data to an external vendor must make management a little uneasy. Corporate intellectual property and the trust of a company's customers can be shaken by one significant breach. Is it worth the risk?Outsourcing Costs Services like Amazon have made it increasingly attractive to consider outsourcing with their fee for service model. In a server brutalized environment CHIP cores, memory, and storage is shared. SAWS only charges customers for what they use. In the contrary, in an in-house solution, the costs don't stop when operations do. There are reoccurring costs associated with power, facilities, support contracts, etc. All these costs vanish when utilizing an alas capability such as SAWS. Not to mention a reduction in staff as robust IT staff w ill no longer be required if there is minimal infrastructure to support.Implications of Outsourcing IT If the decision is made to outsource IT, it would alter the face of the organization business structure as whole groups may be removed. Internal IT operations impact almost every facet of an organization. Finance and HER need to support the additional IT staff and IT operational costs. Fewer individuals typically reduce liability risks associated with general operations. Security needs to be enforced in data centers and other highly sensitive IT infrastructure areas. The need for a CIO and/or COT would be somewhat reduced.Lastly, the need for an IT tier 3 and above staff could be potentially completely eliminated. Outsourcing IT would create a lean organization focused on its core competencies and more likely to attain that elusive competitive advantage in its marketplace. Outsourcing IT is here and it's here to stay. Companies will find it more and more difficult to be competitive in a market where your competitors are not burdened by IT requirements. Cost, efficiencies, and strategic vision are several of the many factors to consider with IT outsourcing. Week Assignment With respect to the tasks and duties of the administrative anager, the successful candidate is responsible for maintaining administrative staff through recruitment, selection, organization, orientation, and constant training; maintaining a secure and safe job environment; initiating and developing opportunities for employee growth and development; accomplishing employee resu Its through effective communication of job expectations, timely planning, continuous monitoring, and periodic appraisal of job results; provision of coaching and counselling services for the employees; overseeing of discipline matters within the organization; and initiating, enforcing, and coordinating organizational olicies and vital procedures. In addition, s/he will ensure strong labor relations and employment conditions, maintain records, prepare reports, compose correspondence, and develop budget recommendations for personal services and capital outlay.To execute the abovementioned duties with ease, the admi nistrative assistant will require various technological tools and equipment. In this regard, s/he should be well versed with use of laptop computers, personal digital assistants, multi-line telephone systems, and photocopying equipment. In addition a suitable candidate should be onversant with the technology that is essential for this occupation. This includes accounting software, spreadsheet software, electronic mail software, enterprise resource planning software, and desktop publishing software. Besides having essential technological competencies, a suitable administrative assistant should be knowledgeable in different areas and have diverse skills and abilities.In this regard, s/he should have knowledge of the principles of personal as well as customer services, clerical systems and procedures, English language, mathematics, economics and accounting, omputers and electronics, personnel and human resources, and sales and marketing. Fundamental skills for this job occupation range from active listening, effective coordination, time management, and speaking to critical thinking, sound judgment, effective decision making, and negotiation. Essential abilities entail oral expression, inductive and deductive reasoning, speech recognition and clarity, oral comprehension, written expression, and problem sensitivity. With respect to educational requirement, an ideal candidate should have a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration or any other related field.Recruitment Method The process of recruiting employees gives human resource managers an opportunity to reach out to prospective staffs and select suitable candidates for any job occupation. There are various ways that can be used to advertise the abovementioned post and select a suitable candidate to fill it. According to Gatewood, Field and Barrick (201 0), employment agencies locate and screen candidates on behalf of the employers. They use accredited procedures to choose suitable staffs and present them to employers within the shortest time. using this, employers are able to access individuals that ave sufficient relevant skills in a timely manner. Relative to this is employment of online recruitment companies or job banks.Gatewood et al (2010) ascertains that there are various online recruitment companies that give employers an opportunity to advertise emergent job opportunities. ikewise, this approach enables employers to find suitable candidates quickly and cost effectively. In addition, employers using this strategy connect with applicants from diverse backgrounds. They are able to choose experienced candidates whose qualifications are consistent with their job specifications. Assessment Methods As indicated earlier, successful organizational wellbeing relies on the effective performance of its human resources. Ma and Allen (2009) posit that to ensure recruitment Of competent staff, it is vital to understand employee behavior.Presumably, behavior influences attitudes and decisions of staffs in different ways. Psychometric tests can be used to evaluate qualified candidates to determine and understand their individuality. Results of these measurement tools are imperative for predicting employee behavior and maximizing their value with respect to job performance. From the job description, it is pparent that the administrative assistant will interact with fellow employees as well as clients at different levels. Effective performance requires high level commitment and relevant and sufficient competencies including strong interpersonal skills. Employee behavior has direct impacts on his or her mannerisms and general wellbeing.Upfront determination of this enables employers to optimize staff performance by providing suitable opportun ities for empowerment, growth, and development in a timely manner. Another ideal employee assessment method in this context would be use of oral nterviews. The interview strategy is important for generating vital information pertaining to the attitudes, skills, and behaviors of employees (DeCenzo, Robbins , 2012). Using well-structured and customized interview schedules, employers lure the staffs into providing a wealth of information about their abilities, opinions, and experiences. Using this information, employers are able to make vital decisions regarding ideal job placements, resource allocation, and strategic planning. Week Assignment He's bursting with excitement about everything the â€Å"new world† has to offer. He literally tells everyone in England to make the voyage. But that each parish, or village, in Cite, or Country, that will but apparel their fatherless children, of heritage or fourteen years of age, or young married people, that have small wealth to live on; here by their labor may live exceeding well: provided always that first there bee a sufficient power to command them, houses to receive them, means to defend them, and meet provisions for them. † (52) Smith is incredibly passionate about the land here, and obviously thinks it has more to offer than England. However, he also urges the English that they need a vast array of occupations here to truly thrive.He also tells them that they, too, will succeed. â€Å"Carpenters, Masons, Fishers, Fowlers, Gardeners, Husbandmen, Sawyers, Smiths, Spinsters, Tailors, Weavers, and such Like The Masters by this may quickly grower rich. † (52) On the other hand, William Bradford writes in â€Å"Of Plymouth Plantation† how remarkably dangerous the trip across the water actually is. The footnote to the first portion of the first sentence refers to a ship going down and everyone having to move themselves and their possessions from the Speedwell to the Mayflower.Not everyone survived the crossing; one seaman and one passenger died while at sea: â€Å"There was a proud and err profane young man, one of the seamen, of a lusty, able body, which made him more the haughty; he would always be contemning the poor people in their sickness and cursing them daily with grievous execration's; and did not let to tell them that he hoped to help cast half of them overboard before they came to their Journeys end, and to make merry with what they had; and If he were by any gently reproved, he would curse and swear most bitterly.But It pleased God before they came half seas over, to smite this young man with a grievous disease, of whi ch he died In a separate manner, and so was himself the first that was thrown overboard. † (54) I can about being seasick ends up the first to perish on the sea. Was it Just an ironic work of fate, or was it karma? Bradford writes in quick detail about the storms they faced and survived, which landed them in Cape Cod. He details one of the storms where they had to drift and could not sail onward. And in one of them, as they thus lay at hull in a mighty storm, a lusty young man called John Holland, coming upon some occasion above the gratings was, with a sell of the ship, thrown into sea; but it leased God that he caught hold of the topsail halyards which hung overboard and ran out at length. † (55) Bradford continues in his book about how they found a place to reside, but it wasn't without worry. The Pilgrims had to be extremely careful any time they went out to hunt or gather food and water, any time they explored a new territory, and any time they slept!The weather was turning cold, and they needed food and a place to build homes. They came across an abandoned Indian dwelling and took what food they found. â€Å"Which, they digging up, found in them divers fair Indian baskets filled with corn, and some in ears, fair and good, of divers colors†¦ † (60) After their dinghy was fixed and ready for shallower waters, they â€Å"found more of [the Indians'] corn and of their beans of various colors. † (60) If the Pilgrims hadn't come across the Indian's corn and beans, along with the seeds, they would have likely starved.It took them a month to find a decent place to settle and make camp, and an additional 10 days to actually get to the area free from Indians and start building. They had started exploring the lands on November 1 5th, then â€Å"On the 1 5th of December they weighed anchor to go to the place they had discovered, and came within two leagues of it, but were fain to bear up again; but on the 16th day, the wind came fair, and they arrived safe in this harbor.And afterwards took better view of the place, and resolved where to pitch their dwelling; and the 25th day began to erect the first house for common use to receive them and their goods. † (64) While on the Mayflower, there were Pilgrims (those who made the passage for religious reasons) and Strangers (those who came for business). The Pilgrims came together and wrote he Mayflower Compact, which is widely believed to have been the foundation of our Constitution. After this they chose, or rather confirmed, Mr.. John Carver (a man godly and well approved amongst them) their Governor for that year. † (65) Our excerpt of Bradford book concludes with their first Thanksgiving. They had a small harvest and started bracing their houses against the coming winter. The Pilgrims that survived the trip and the illnesses after coming to land were â€Å"well recovered in health and strength and had all things in good plenty. † (66) Week assignment Pornography degrades values that are held in high regard in a society. Pornography ought to be recognized as a form of free speech. And B B and C Question 8. 8. Which statement might be used to argue that pornography ought to be extensively regulated? (Points : 1) Pornography demonstrates realistic forms of sexual intercourse. Pornography provides enjoyment to millions of people. Pornography denigrates women. Pornography creates realistic perspectives about healthy relationships. None of the above Question 9. 9.Which statement might a libertarian most agree with? (Points : 1) The state should be responsible for the welfare of its citizens. The state should be allowed to restrict freedom whenever it deems it necessary to do so. Tate should restrict freedoms based on the greatest happiness of the citizens. The state should only be allowed to restrict behavior that harms others. None of the above Question 10. 10. John Stuart Mill would most agree with which statement? (Points : 1) The g overnment cannot limit freedoms of the citizens without circumstantial evidence.The government can only limit freedom when people's actions would harm themselves. The government can only limit freedom when people's actions would harm others. The government cannot limit freedoms of the citizens without forensic evidence. Study all 40 terms Study O Terms only Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when Judging the morality of an action, but for utilitarian the sole criterion is the action's consequences. True Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarian using to Justify their actions? The ends Justify the means. † Which of the following factors should be taken into consideration when performing Bantam's utilitarian calculus? The intensity of pleasure. 1 . In the early sass during times of revolution, rape, rampage, and chaos in certain areas of the world, the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy supplied its nuns with birth control pills. The reasoning was that, although the church opposed use of the Pill, the risk of rape and resultant pregnancy was so great as to override religious objections to the Pill.This Justification illustrates what sort of ethical system? Utilitarian Regarding the confinement raising of chickens for food, Jeremy Beneath would most likely argue that it is Not morally acceptable because chickens experience pain. According to utilitarianism individual happiness is the highest moral good. People achieve happiness by pursuing their rational self-interests. Therefore, people ought to pursue their rational self-interests. False Which of the following did Mill regard as our most important moral duty/right?Malefaction Suppose that an anti-abortionist assassinates an abortionist, claiming that, â€Å"The end justifies the means: It is better to kill one human now, than to allow that person to kill many humans (perform abortions) in the future. † This assassin's reasoning adheres to whic h ethical system. To a rule-utilitarian, we should in any particular situation, follow the rule that in mineral brings about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Utilitarian would support voluntary euthanasia, especially when the pain in a person's life outweighs the pleasure that he or she derives from living.According to which ethical system does the rightness or wrongness of an act depend on the act itself and not on its consequences? Deontological system Ethnologist S. Book suggests that, although lying is generally wrong, there may be isolated cases where the duty to lie conflicts with the more important duty to protect innocent human life. In these cases, lying may be morally Justified. This view will lead to the notion of: Prima facie duties. The development of proper self-esteem (the duty of self-improvement) in Demonology requires that we: Cultivate the good will.Which of the following, according to Kant, is a characteristic of moral maxims and duties? They are u niversally binding. According to prima facie ethnologists, a moral duty is binding unless it: Conflicts with a more compelling moral duty. Dry. Jack Sovereign has assisted numerous people in committing suicide, each of whom felt that his or her life was no longer worth living because of disease, disability, r terminal illness. Which of the following people would be most likely to disapprove of Dry.Asseveration's actions? Emmanuel Kant The categorical imperative requires us to: Always treat persons as ends-in-themselves. Identify the philosopher who said: â€Å"so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end in itself, never as a means only. † Emmanuel Kant. â€Å"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law,† is an ethical principle advocated by: Cant's demonologies. Week Assignment However, each company must access their unique situation and environment to determine if IT outsourcing is the method going forward. There can be immense fiscal and operational benefits, but also significant risks. Factors for Outsourcing The most obvious factor in whether or not to outsource is cost. Companies are driven by profits. If the cost of outsourcing ammonium's the Return on Investment (ROI) then it is unlikely executive management would consider the option. However, in today's environment companies like Amazon are able to achieve vast efficiencies by consolidating massive resources into a globalInfrastructure as a Service (alas) capability. Services like SAWS can establish thousands of virtual servers within an hour. All within Amazon's mature, secure, and stable environment Another factor for outsourcing is, in by doing so, allowing a company to focus on its core competency and not be burdened by IT requirements. Additionally, companies like SAWS provide robust, scalable, and leading edge capabilities that would be, for most, excessively burdensome to plan, implement, maintain, and operate. However, though SAWS can deliver organizational requirements to the majority of potential customers, some are more feasible than others.Big data companies which have massive analytics requirements need customized server configurations to attain deliverable efficiencies. Though Amazon and others have made strides in accomplishing just that, they cannot compete with a costly in-house implementation. Risks in Outsourcing Companies like Amazon have changed the thinking paradigm of risks associated with outsourcing IT. Not even 5-10 years ago companies were concerned with risks such as quality of services, reliable ¶y', and excessive dependency. Today the environment differs significantly. Companies sign up with Amazon in search of reliability.Quality of service is impeccable and Amazon institutes a fee for service marketing platform so companies only pay for what t hey use. However, there are other risks that cannot be overlooked. One of these key risks is security. Though Amazon likely has a healthy security posture, due to their immense success, has also become a key hacker target. Storing all company data to an external vendor must make management a little uneasy. Corporate intellectual property and the trust of a company's customers can be shaken by one significant breach. Is it worth the risk?Outsourcing Costs Services like Amazon have made it increasingly attractive to consider outsourcing with their fee for service model. In a server brutalized environment CHIP cores, memory, and storage is shared. SAWS only charges customers for what they use. In the contrary, in an in-house solution, the costs don't stop when operations do. There are reoccurring costs associated with power, facilities, support contracts, etc. All these costs vanish when utilizing an alas capability such as SAWS. Not to mention a reduction in staff as robust IT staff w ill no longer be required if there is minimal infrastructure to support.Implications of Outsourcing IT If the decision is made to outsource IT, it would alter the face of the organization business structure as whole groups may be removed. Internal IT operations impact almost every facet of an organization. Finance and HER need to support the additional IT staff and IT operational costs. Fewer individuals typically reduce liability risks associated with general operations. Security needs to be enforced in data centers and other highly sensitive IT infrastructure areas. The need for a CIO and/or COT would be somewhat reduced.Lastly, the need for an IT tier 3 and above staff could be potentially completely eliminated. Outsourcing IT would create a lean organization focused on its core competencies and more likely to attain that elusive competitive advantage in its marketplace. Outsourcing IT is here and it's here to stay. Companies will find it more and more difficult to be competitive in a market where your competitors are not burdened by IT requirements. Cost, efficiencies, and strategic vision are several of the many factors to consider with IT outsourcing. Week assignment Pornography degrades values that are held in high regard in a society. Pornography ought to be recognized as a form of free speech. And B B and C Question 8. 8. Which statement might be used to argue that pornography ought to be extensively regulated? (Points : 1) Pornography demonstrates realistic forms of sexual intercourse. Pornography provides enjoyment to millions of people. Pornography denigrates women. Pornography creates realistic perspectives about healthy relationships. None of the above Question 9. 9.Which statement might a libertarian most agree with? (Points : 1) The state should be responsible for the welfare of its citizens. The state should be allowed to restrict freedom whenever it deems it necessary to do so. Tate should restrict freedoms based on the greatest happiness of the citizens. The state should only be allowed to restrict behavior that harms others. None of the above Question 10. 10. John Stuart Mill would most agree with which statement? (Points : 1) The g overnment cannot limit freedoms of the citizens without circumstantial evidence.The government can only limit freedom when people's actions would harm themselves. The government can only limit freedom when people's actions would harm others. The government cannot limit freedoms of the citizens without forensic evidence. Study all 40 terms Study O Terms only Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when Judging the morality of an action, but for utilitarian the sole criterion is the action's consequences. True Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarian using to Justify their actions? The ends Justify the means. † Which of the following factors should be taken into consideration when performing Bantam's utilitarian calculus? The intensity of pleasure. 1 . In the early sass during times of revolution, rape, rampage, and chaos in certain areas of the world, the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy supplied its nuns with birth control pills. The reasoning was that, although the church opposed use of the Pill, the risk of rape and resultant pregnancy was so great as to override religious objections to the Pill.This Justification illustrates what sort of ethical system? Utilitarian Regarding the confinement raising of chickens for food, Jeremy Beneath would most likely argue that it is Not morally acceptable because chickens experience pain. According to utilitarianism individual happiness is the highest moral good. People achieve happiness by pursuing their rational self-interests. Therefore, people ought to pursue their rational self-interests. False Which of the following did Mill regard as our most important moral duty/right?Malefaction Suppose that an anti-abortionist assassinates an abortionist, claiming that, â€Å"The end justifies the means: It is better to kill one human now, than to allow that person to kill many humans (perform abortions) in the future. † This assassin's reasoning adheres to whic h ethical system. To a rule-utilitarian, we should in any particular situation, follow the rule that in mineral brings about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Utilitarian would support voluntary euthanasia, especially when the pain in a person's life outweighs the pleasure that he or she derives from living.According to which ethical system does the rightness or wrongness of an act depend on the act itself and not on its consequences? Deontological system Ethnologist S. Book suggests that, although lying is generally wrong, there may be isolated cases where the duty to lie conflicts with the more important duty to protect innocent human life. In these cases, lying may be morally Justified. This view will lead to the notion of: Prima facie duties. The development of proper self-esteem (the duty of self-improvement) in Demonology requires that we: Cultivate the good will.Which of the following, according to Kant, is a characteristic of moral maxims and duties? They are u niversally binding. According to prima facie ethnologists, a moral duty is binding unless it: Conflicts with a more compelling moral duty. Dry. Jack Sovereign has assisted numerous people in committing suicide, each of whom felt that his or her life was no longer worth living because of disease, disability, r terminal illness. Which of the following people would be most likely to disapprove of Dry.Asseveration's actions? Emmanuel Kant The categorical imperative requires us to: Always treat persons as ends-in-themselves. Identify the philosopher who said: â€Å"so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end in itself, never as a means only. † Emmanuel Kant. â€Å"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law,† is an ethical principle advocated by: Cant's demonologies.

Comparing Animal Revolutionist and Russian Revolutionist essays

Comparing Animal Revolutionist and Russian Revolutionist essays Comparing Animal Revolutionist and Russian Revolutionist There are many people that had an influence on the Russian Revolution but three names stand out in bold, these people are Joseph Stalin (the ruthless Russian leader,) Leon Trotsky (the smooth talking leader that opposed Stalin,) and Nikolai Lenin (the creator of the Russian Revolution.) There are three pigs in the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell that really stand out from the start of the book until the finish. These pigs are Napoleon (the ruthless leader of Animal Farm,) Snowball (the smooth talking pig,) and Old Major (the creator of Animalism.) Joseph Stalin and Napoleon will be compared together on how they are alike, Leon Trotsky and Snowball will be compared, and also Nikolai Lenin and Old Major will be the last comparison. In the paragraphs to come there will be a comparison between important influences in the Russian Revolution and the important characters in the novel Animal Farm. Orwell used his character Napoleon as symbolism for Joseph Stalin. The first thing that connects the two together is they both drove an opposing leader out of the country or Animal Farm. This leader was Leon Trotsky or in the novel Snowball. The two are also connected because Stalin used his Secret Police to scare people and Napoleon used his dogs to scare opposing animals. The evidence supporting this is when four young porkers in the front row uttered shrill squeals of, and all four of them sprang to their feet and begin speaking all at once disapproval as Napoleon was speaking. But suddenly the dogs around Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silent (69). They were so scared that they sat down right away not saying a word. Leon Trotsky was connected to the character Snowball. What first connects the two is both Trotsky and Snowball were very intelligent and had brilliant speeches. The other thing that links the two is that both were forced away b ...

Free Essays on The Columbia Accident

The Columbia Accident This accident and the deaths of the seven member crew could be easily prevented had the leaders and the managers addressed the concerns of their engineers. One of the leadership issues in this case was the fact that the managers were trying to cut the budget and improve efficiency. When I first came across the comment of the previous NASA administrator Daniel S. Goldin about how could the budget cuts impact the safety and him referring to it as a â€Å"bunch of crap† I was surprised. First, as a leader and a decision maker one of his primary concerns should be the safety of his crew, at least in my opinion, even though it was the responsibility of Shuttle Program Management, and they should work closely to address the safety issues. Second, when we look back into the history we can see that NASA had had the problem of foam strikes before with the Challenger and even witnessing its accident the administrative non-action still occurred due to the external political forces and th e internal pressures of meeting the deadline within the organizational structure of NASA. And these were the major factors contributing to the development of the problem. The internal pressures of meeting a certain deadline is not something uncommon in the organizational behavior, however it is solely the responsibility of the management team to make sure that whatever the deadlines are, they are met without putting any staff members at risk. And this case was an excellent example of ignoring the upcoming technical problems and neglecting human lives. An alternative and very desirable solution to the problem could be fixing the breach in the Thermal Protection System on the leading edge of the left wing. Considering the internal and external pressures this was something possible and could be easily explained by the one of the Shuttle program managers to their superiors who were actually putting the pressure on them. â€Å"Blowing the whistle†... Free Essays on The Columbia Accident Free Essays on The Columbia Accident The Columbia Accident This accident and the deaths of the seven member crew could be easily prevented had the leaders and the managers addressed the concerns of their engineers. One of the leadership issues in this case was the fact that the managers were trying to cut the budget and improve efficiency. When I first came across the comment of the previous NASA administrator Daniel S. Goldin about how could the budget cuts impact the safety and him referring to it as a â€Å"bunch of crap† I was surprised. First, as a leader and a decision maker one of his primary concerns should be the safety of his crew, at least in my opinion, even though it was the responsibility of Shuttle Program Management, and they should work closely to address the safety issues. Second, when we look back into the history we can see that NASA had had the problem of foam strikes before with the Challenger and even witnessing its accident the administrative non-action still occurred due to the external political forces and th e internal pressures of meeting the deadline within the organizational structure of NASA. And these were the major factors contributing to the development of the problem. The internal pressures of meeting a certain deadline is not something uncommon in the organizational behavior, however it is solely the responsibility of the management team to make sure that whatever the deadlines are, they are met without putting any staff members at risk. And this case was an excellent example of ignoring the upcoming technical problems and neglecting human lives. An alternative and very desirable solution to the problem could be fixing the breach in the Thermal Protection System on the leading edge of the left wing. Considering the internal and external pressures this was something possible and could be easily explained by the one of the Shuttle program managers to their superiors who were actually putting the pressure on them. â€Å"Blowing the whistle†...

Faisal Mosque in Pakistan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Faisal Mosque in Pakistan - Research Paper Example The mosque was built as an attribution to the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. Its symbolism was based on the fact that it was to portray the hopes and aspiration of Pakistani people (Archnet Digital Library, â€Å"Faisal Mosque†). According to Serageldin, the Muslim culture values the symbolic portray of the architectural building. Some of the most important symbolic structures in Muslim architecture include the minaret, dome, gateway and mihrab. These parts communicate a message to everybody, Muslims or non-Muslims. Vedat Dalokay implemented this symbolic meaning into the Faisal Mosque and, that is why it has become a landmark. According to Mandour, Islamic culture includes art, design, education, science, religion and sport, which has a specific meaning. The design architecture by Vedat Dalokay symbolized and implemented art, beliefs, values and customs in the Pakistani people. The architecture of the mosque was based on a new design that was not related to the usual and t raditional mosques that had been previously built. As a tribute to King Faisal, it was to have a unique architecture and that was why Vedat Dalokay was chosen to make it a state of the art construction. Some of its characteristics were that it was looking like a desert tent where its height was approximately 40 m, and it had girders that supported its concrete walls. The surface was pure white, and its interior design was decorated with mosaic designs and a Turkish chandelier that was strategically placed by its architect, Vedat Dalokay. Its space was big to accommodate a total of 10,000 worshippers in the main prayer hall, and it had four minarets, each measuring approximately 90 m, and they were slender and sharply pointed. Lastly, it was a people’s mosque, meaning it was a contribution to the people of Pakistan by King Faisal, and thus it also accommodated the mausoleum of General Zia-ul-Haq, who was the President of Pakistan from 1978 to 1988 (Archnet Digital Library, â⠂¬Å"Faisal Mosque†). Thesis Architecture is one of the most prestigious arts that can be portrayed in form of a structure. The King Faisal Mosque is one of the best-designed mosques in Pakistan and in the world. This research paper will seek to analyze the architecture of the Faisal Mosque, its symbolism, the color of the mosque and its design and some of the quotes from the founding architect Vedat Dalokay. The paper will also seek to discuss the possible symbolism of the mosque and its historical and cultural concept. Analysis of the design Dalokay was a great architect whose designs were based on the 20th century designs. The mosque's architecture is modern and unique. The mosque was also constructed with the twist of Turkish design as well as Islamic designs. The modern mosque lacked the traditional dome shapes design, as compared to other mosques that are located in the world. The traditional shapes for the olden mosques were related to the historical religious designs th at were dated back then to the olden days of the Islamic culture. The mosque’s design also includes a triangular prayer hall that can hold up to 10,000 people, and in addition to that, it has four minarets that depict the classical shapes of modern architecture. The minarets are also said to have been designed with regard to the Turkish tradition because they are sharp-pointed. It has an eight-sided shape, which was inspired by the famous desert Beduoin's tent and the cubic Kaaba in Mecca and whose architect was Vedat Dalokay, according to Rengel. Speaking to students, the architect, Vedat Dalokay later explained his acute and unique architectural design to design school students commenting that: I tried to capture the spirit, proportion and geometry of Ka'aba in a purely abstract manner. Imagine

McDonald's corporation financial analysts(Potential risks that could Research Paper

McDonald's corporation financial analysts(Potential risks that could affect McDonald's future performance, and any recommendations you have for McDonald's) - Research Paper Example This has been the key to its success. In addition, the company’s model is to deliver restaurant experiences that are locally relevant to customers (Love 61). The business has been able to establish itself in a number of countries including; Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa, U.S, Canada and Latin America among other parts of the world. It is important to note, by the end of last year (2014) more than 80% of the company had been franchised. The restaurant believes that this will make their customer delivery and service be efficient and in essence increase their profitability. Every company must be able to assess and project its actual and potential losses. These risks can affect the firm’s performance in future. One of the risks is the regulatory changes in the world economies. Most of the world economies have ever changing regulations and judicial systems. These have adversely affected the cost of production as well as the cost of doing business. In most of the developing markets, the regulatory changes have posed the risk of coming up with new and untested judicial systems and laws which end up bringing a lot of undesired results (Love 28). In addition, the regulatory changes might affect the McDonald’s business plan and structures. For example, they might affect the product nutritional content, packaging, marketing, as well as other aspects like labeling. In addition, regulatory changes might affect the company’s pricing system. The prices of the company’s product may become very volatile and this might affect their market. Some of the factors in government policies that might affect the prices include increased tarrif, foreign exchange, legislation and import-export controls among others. To add to this the regulation changes might affect the financial markets, financial institutions and capital flows. This might affect the franchisees as well as the company’s ability to manage an even to deploy its liquidity. Lastly, regulatory changes